On November 09, 2015 ArQule, Inc. (Nasdaq:ARQL) reported the results of preclinical and clinical studies focusing on tivantinib, ARQ 087, ARQ 092, and ARQ 751 (Press release, ArQule, NOV 9, 2015, View Source [SID:1234508132]). The data were presented at the AACR (Free AACR Whitepaper)-NCI-EORTC meeting on November 7th, 2015. The poster presentations can be accessed in the "Investor and Media" section of our website, www.arqule.com, under "Recent Data Presentations."
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For the first time, data from an exploratory sub-analysis of the MARQUEE trial with tivantinib in non-small cell lung cancer in patients with advanced disease and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations were presented. The data showed tivantinib, when added to erlotinib, increased progression-free survival to 13 months compared to 7.5 months in the erlotinib plus placebo arm. The sub-analysis included 109 patients of which 56 were in the combination tivantinib plus erlotinib arm of the trial. The data were highlighted in an AACR (Free AACR Whitepaper) press release and press conference.
"The data from the sub-analysis of the MARQUEE trial supports our focus on precision medicine," said Brian Schwartz, M.D., Head of Research and Development and Chief Medical Officer at ArQule. "Although the study did not meet its primary endpoint, this analysis is encouraging and offers evidence that tivantinib when dosed in a specific patient population can provide substantial benefit."
Additionally, the company presented pre-clinical and clinical data on its early stage proprietary pipeline that support ArQule’s efforts to address the needs of patients in therapeutic areas of high unmet need through precision medicine. Data presented on FGFR inhibitor, ARQ 087, demonstrate that FGFR2 dysregulation correlates with efficacy and supports the on-going phase 2 trial in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Similarly, data presented on AKT inhibitors, ARQ 092 and ARQ 751, demonstrate that both drugs inhibit AKT and provide strong rationale for further studies in patients harboring AKT1 and PI3K mutations.
"Data presented at this year’s AACR (Free AACR Whitepaper)-NCI-EORTC conference are part of ArQule’s translational effort to connect preclinical and clinical research and guide a true precision medicine endeavor," said Giovanni Abbadessa, Vice President of Clinical Development, Translational Medicine and Medical Affairs at ArQule. "Both ARQ 092 and ARQ 087 have shown single-agent activity in vitro, in vivo and in patients in cancers driven by genetic alterations of their respective targets, AKT and FGFR. In addition, these pre-clinical data find confirmation in the clinical results achieved by ARQ 087 and ARQ 092 in their respective phase 1 clinical trials in genetically-altered endometrial and breast cancer and in FGFR2-driven cholangiocarcinoma, respectively. Combinability data reported for both experimental drugs with standard therapies may allow even more development options for the future."
Precision Medicine
Tivantinib is enrolling in two biomarker-driven phase 3 trials, METIV-HCC and JET-HCC. ARQ 087 is enrolling in a biomarker-driven phase 2 trial in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) with FGFR translocations. ARQ 092 is enrolling in a phase 1b biomarker-driven trial in patients with AKT and PI3K activating mutations including patients with breast, endometrial and ovarian cancers.
About MET and tivantinib (ARQ 197)
Tivantinib is an orally administered, selective inhibitor of MET, a receptor tyrosine kinase, which is currently in Phase 3 clinical trials. In healthy adult cells, MET can be present in normal levels to support natural cellular function, but in cancer cells, MET can be inappropriately and continuously activated. When abnormally activated, MET plays multiple roles in aspects of human cancer, including cancer cell growth, survival, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis. The activation of certain cell signaling pathways, including MET, has also been associated with the development of resistance to anti-EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) antibodies such as cetuximab and panitumumab.
Pre-clinical data have demonstrated that tivantinib inhibits MET activation in a range of human tumor cell lines and shows anti-tumor activity against several human tumor xenografts. In clinical trials to date, treatment with tivantinib has been generally well tolerated and has shown clinical activity in a number of tumors. Tivantinib has not yet been approved for any indication in any country.
In December 2008, ArQule and Daiichi Sankyo signed a license, co-development and co-commercialization agreement for tivantinib in the U.S., Europe, South America and the rest of the world, excluding Japan, China (including Hong Kong), South Korea and Taiwan.
About the AKT Pathway, ARQ 092 and ARQ 751
ARQ 092 and ARQ 751 are orally available, selective small molecule inhibitors of the AKT kinase. The AKT pathway when abnormally activated is implicated in multiple oncogenic processes such as cell proliferation and apoptosis. This pathway has emerged as a target of potential therapeutic relevance for compounds that inhibit its activity, which has been linked to a variety of cancers as well as to select non-oncology indications.
ARQ 092, the lead compound in ArQule’s AKT program, has completed Phase 1a clinical testing and has advanced into Phase 1b expansion testing in cohorts of patients with endometrial cancer, lymphoma and tumors harboring either AKT or PI3K mutations. A number of next-generation compounds in the Company’s AKT program are in early to late stages of pre-clinical development. The company plans to file an Investigational New Drug (IND) application by the end of 2015 for ARQ 751, a next generation AKT inhibitor.
About FGFR and ARQ 087
ARQ 087 is a multi-kinase inhibitor designed to preferentially inhibit the fibroblast growth factor receptor ("FGFR") family with demonstrated efficacy in FGFR2 amplified tumors. The FGFR pathway is disrupted in several ways in human cancer, thus providing numerous therapeutic targets for an inhibitor of this pathway. ARQ 087 has demonstrated inhibition of tumor growth and downstream signaling in vivo in tumors whose growth is driven by these targets.
Signals of single agent activity with this compound were observed in Phase 1a testing. Phase 1b expansion cohorts with ARQ 087 include patients with cholangiocarcinoma and adrenocortical tumors, as well as those with FGFR translocations, amplification and mutations. Clinical development of ARQ 087 has advanced into Phase 2 for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma ("iCCA") following the observation of two confirmed partial responses in this patient population in the Phase 1 portion of the program.