On May 12, 2016 AstraZeneca reported that the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted Orphan Drug Designation for the investigational MEK 1/2 inhibitor, selumetinib (AZD6244, ARRY-142886) for adjuvant treatment of patients with stage III or IV differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) (Press release, AstraZeneca, MAY 12, 2016, View Source [SID:1234512292]).

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DTC is diagnosed in approximately 60,000 people in the US each year,1 and radioactive iodine (RAI) is recommended for those with known/suspected metastases at diagnosis and those at high risk of recurrence.2 A small proportion of patients do not benefit from currently available treatment with RAI because they do not express sufficient sodium/iodine symporter (NIS) which is important for RAI uptake into thyroid cells.3,4 Selumetinib is being tested for its ability to increase expression of NIS with the potential to add a treatment option for patients who do not respond well to RAI.

Sean Bohen Executive Vice President, Global Medicines Development and Chief Medical Officer, at AstraZeneca, said: "Uptake of RAI is crucial for patients with thyroid cancer where no other therapies have proven beneficial. Selumetinib could significantly enhance currently available treatment options for these patients. The Orphan Drug Designation is an important achievement as we advance our development plans for this potential treatment in differentiated thyroid cancer."

The Orphan Drug Designation programme provides orphan status to drugs and biologics, which are defined as those intended for the safe and effective treatment, diagnosis or prevention of rare diseases or disorders that affect fewer than 200,000 people in the US.5

Selumetinib inhibits the MEK pathway in cancer cells to prevent tumour growth. It is being tested in the Phase III ASTRA trial in patients with DTC who are at high risk of recurrence.6 In a Phase II study of selumetinib in patients with advanced thyroid cancer, clinically meaningful increases in iodine uptake and retention were seen in patients with thyroid cancer that was refractory to RAI.7

In addition to DTC, selumetinib is being tested in SELECT-1, a Phase III trial of patients with KRAS-mutant advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and in a Phase II registration trial of paediatric and adolescent patients with neurofibromatosis Type 1 in collaboration with the US National Cancer Institute.

NOTES TO EDITORS

1 American Cancer Society. Key statistics for thyroid cancer. Available at: View Source Accessed May 2016.

2 National Comprehensive Cancer Network Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology. Thyroid Cancer. Version 2.2015

3 Worden F. Treatment strategies for radioactive iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer.Ther Adv Med Oncol. 2014 Nov;6(6):267-79.

4 Lakshmanan A et al. Modulation of sodium iodide symporter in thyroid cancer. Horm Cancer. 2014 Dec;5(6):363-73.

5 US Food and Drug Administration. Developing Products for Rare Diseases & Conditions View Source Accessed May 2016.

6 National Institutes of Health. Study Comparing Complete Remission After Treatment With Selumetinib/Placebo in Patient With Differentiated Thyroid Cancer. (ASTRA) View Source Accessed May 2016

7 Ho AL et al. Selumetinib-Enhanced Radioiodine Uptake in Advanced Thyroid Cancer N Engl J Med. 2013 February 14; 368(7): 623–632.

8 Durante C et al. Long-term outcome of 444 patients with distant metastases from papillary and follicular thyroid carcinoma: benefits and limits of radioiodine therapy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Aug;91(8):2892-9.

About thyroid cancer

Cancer of the thyroid gland is diagnosed in approximately 60,000 people in the US each year.1 Nearly 95% of patients have differentiated tumours with an associated five-year survival of over 90%.2 DTC is usually treated by surgery and thyroxine hormone replacement therapy, and radioactive iodine treatment (RAI) is recommended for patients with known/suspected metastases at diagnosis and for those at high risk of recurrence.2 Up to 30% of patients experience recurrence of DTC after initial treatment.2

Approximately 5-15% of patients with DTC do not respond to RAI.3 Ten year survival in patients who fail to take up radioactive iodine into tumour cells is 10% compared to nearly 60% in those with normal uptake.8 Traditional chemotherapy has minimal efficacy in patients with metastatic DTC.2

About selumetinib

Selumetinib is an oral, potent, selective inhibitor of MEK, part of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway which is frequently activated in cancer, including those with the KRAS mutation, which is present in 20% of human cancers and 20-30% of non-small cell lung cancer tumours.

MAPK activation also inhibits expression of thyroid hormone biosynthesis genes, including the sodium/iodine symporter (NIS) which facilitates iodine uptake into cells. 7 Pre-clinical studies have suggested that following MAPK inhibition, iodine uptake by thyroid tumour cells is regained.7

AstraZeneca acquired exclusive worldwide rights to selumetinib from Array BioPharma Inc. in 2003.

About the ASTRA trial

ASTRA is a Phase III randomised, double blind study which is comparing the complete remission rate following a 5-week course of selumetinib or placebo and single dose adjuvant radioactive iodine therapy in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer.5