On February 12, 2018 Pfizer Inc. (NYSE:PFE) reported that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) accepted and granted Priority Review to the company’s New Drug Application for lorlatinib. Lorlatinib is an investigational, anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) for the treatment of patients with ALK-positive metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), previously treated with one or more ALK TKIs (Press release, Pfizer, FEB 12, 2018, View Source [SID1234523917]). The European Medicines Agency and the Japan Pharmaceutical and Medical Devices Agency have also accepted marketing applications for the use of lorlatinib.

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"Treatment resistance resulting in disease progression is a major challenge faced by patients with ALK-positive metastatic NSCLC. Lorlatinib was developed by Pfizer scientists with the specific goal of overcoming resistance to first- and second-generation ALK-targeted therapies," said Mace Rothenberg, MD, chief development officer, Oncology, Pfizer Global Product Development. "The encouraging results observed in a variety of patients previously treated with ALK inhibitors provides the basis for these applications."

The FDA grants Priority Review to medicines that may offer significant advances in treatment or may provide a treatment where no adequate therapy exists. In April 2017, lorlatinib received Breakthrough Therapy Designation from the FDA for patients with ALK-positive metastatic NSCLC previously treated with one or more ALK inhibitors.

The submissions are based on Phase 2 data from a Phase 1/2 clinical trial (NCT01970865) of lorlatinib, evaluating patients treated in distinct cohorts based on prior therapy. Full results from the Phase 2 portion of the trial were presented at the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) 18th World Conference on Lung Cancer (WCLC) in October 2017.1

The Prescription Drug User Fee Act (PDUFA) goal date for a decision by the FDA is in August 2018.

About Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide.2 NSCLC accounts for about 85 percent of lung cancer cases and remains difficult to treat, particularly in the metastatic setting.3 Approximately 75 percent of NSCLC patients are diagnosed late with metastatic or advanced disease where the five-year survival rate is only five percent.2,4,5

ALK gene rearrangement is a genetic alteration that drives the development of lung cancer in some patients.6,7 Epidemiology studies suggest that approximately three to five percent of NSCLC tumors are ALK-positive.8

About Lorlatinib

Lorlatinib is an investigational TKI that has been shown to be highly active in preclinical lung cancer models harboring chromosomal rearrangements of both ALK and ROS1. Lorlatinib was specifically designed to inhibit tumor mutations that drive resistance to other ALK inhibitors and to penetrate the blood brain barrier.

The Phase 3 CROWN study (NCT03052608) of lorlatinib began enrolling patients earlier this year. CROWN is an ongoing, open label, randomized, two-arm study comparing lorlatinib to crizotinib for treatment-naïve patients with metastatic ALK-positive NSCLC.

Lorlatinib is an investigational agent and has not received regulatory approval anywhere in the world. A multi-center, open-label expanded access protocol (NCT03178071) is now open in the United States for lorlatinib, making it available for eligible adults with ALK-positive or ROS1-positive advanced NSCLC at select sites. More information can be found by visiting www.clinicaltrials.gov.

About Pfizer in Lung Cancer

Pfizer Oncology is committed to addressing the unmet needs of patients with lung cancer, the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide and a particularly difficult-to-treat disease. Pfizer strives to address the diverse and evolving needs of patients with NSCLC by developing efficacious and tolerable therapies, including biomarker-driven therapies and immuno-oncology (IO) agents and combinations. By combining leading scientific insights with a patient-centric approach, Pfizer is continually advancing its work to match the right patient with the right medicine at the right time. Through our growing research pipeline and collaboration efforts, we are committed to delivering renewed hope to patients living with NSCLC.

On February 12, 2018 Avid Bioservices, Inc. (NASDAQ:CDMO) (NASDAQ:CDMOP) ("Avid") and Oncologie, Inc. reported that the companies have entered into an Asset Assignment and Purchase Agreement for Avid’s phosphatidylserine (PS)-targeting program including bavituximab (Press release, Peregrine Pharmaceuticals, FEB 12, 2018, View Source [SID1234523916]). Bavituximab is an investigational immune-modulatory monoclonal antibody that targets PS, a phospholipid that inhibits the ability of immune cells to recognize and fight tumors. In addition to bavituximab, the deal includes Avid’s other PS-targeting antibodies, including betabodies, as well as certain other assets and licenses useful and/or necessary for the potential commercialization of bavituximab.

Under terms of the agreement, Avid will receive an aggregate of $8 million in upfront payments from Oncologie paid over a period of six months from the execution date of the agreement and will be eligible to receive up to $95 million in development, regulatory and commercialization milestones. Oncologie will be responsible for all future research, development and commercialization of bavituximab, and related intellectual property costs, with Avid receiving royalties on net sales that are upward tiering into the mid-teens. As part of the deal, Oncologie will also enter into an agreement with Avid for future contract development and manufacturing activities in support of bavituximab. Roth Capital Partners acted as financial advisor to Avid in this transaction, rendering a Fairness Opinion to its board of directors.

"Partnering our PS-targeting program including bavituximab with a biopharmaceutical company focused on therapeutics in oncology has long been a key corporate objective and we have engaged in discussions with a broad range of potential collaborators throughout the course of the development program. Oncologie is a company with a deep understanding of cancer biomarkers that might be particularly relevant to bavituximab and we believe they have the resources and expertise to maximize the potential of the program," said Roger J. Lias, Ph.D., president and chief executive officer of Avid. "Importantly, this deal marks the completion of our transition to a dedicated CDMO, while providing additional capital, both upfront and potentially downstream, to support our CDMO business."

"We are pleased to add bavituximab as our new lead development program through this agreement with Avid," said Laura E. Benjamin, Ph.D., chief executive officer of Oncologie. "We believe that PS targeting possesses significant promise in the treatment of cancer and look forward to highlighting the therapeutic potential of the approach through innovative clinical trials. To this end, we intend to continue ongoing collaborations with the current investigators who are overseeing investigator-initiated trials, as well as NCCN-sponsored studies, designed to evaluate the immune modulating potential of bavituximab."

Bavituximab is believed to reverse PS-mediated immunosuppression by blocking the engagement of PS with its receptors, as well as by sending an alternate immune activating signal. PS-targeting antibodies have been shown to shift the functions of immune cells in tumors, resulting in multiple signs of immune activation and anti-tumor immune responses. This mechanism may play an important role in allowing other cancer therapies to more effectively attack tumors by reversing the immunosuppression that limits the impact of those treatments. Importantly, bavituximab has also demonstrated a favorable safety and tolerability profile across several clinical trials conducted to date, which may offer the compound a key advantage as the evolving cancer treatment landscape continues to shift to a combination therapy approach. The ability to be added to a range of other cancer therapies without causing added safety concerns may position bavituximab favorably as a component of combination treatments.

On February 12, 2018 MabVax Therapeutics Holdings, Inc. (Nasdaq: MBVX), a clinical-stage biotechnology company focused on the development of antibody-based products to address unmet medical needs in the treatment of cancer, reported positive interim results from the Company’s ongoing Phase 1 trial evaluating MVT-5873 in combination with standard of care chemotherapy in patients newly diagnosed with pancreatic and other CA19-9 positive malignancies (Press release, MabVax, FEB 12, 2018, View Source [SID1234523914]). At the dose tested, all six patients in the cohort had meaningful reductions in tumor volume by RECIST.

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In the Phase 1 study, MabVax’s MVT-5873, a fully human antibody, was given in combination with nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine to patients newly diagnosed with CA19-9 positive pancreatic cancer. MVT-5873 at a dose of 0.125 mg/kg when added to first-line chemotherapy was generally well tolerated by all subjects. The Company reported that all six patients had measurable tumor reductions, with four patients meeting the criteria for partial response (PR) and two patients meeting the criteria for stable disease (SD). These results help confirm results reported from a group of patients treated earlier. Patient CA19-9 levels, which are a prognostic indicator of the disease state, were markedly reduced in all subjects with this combination therapy. The Company plans to enroll additional patients at this dose to further explore safety and potential response.

"We are highly encouraged by the continued positive response across all of the initial patients at this dose of MVT-5873. We are enrolling additional patients at this dose level to confirm our early clinical results with a goal to determine if these clinically meaningful initial results can continue to be replicated in a larger patient population. With additional confirmatory data, we could establish the potential of combining MVT-5873 with first line therapy in very difficult to treat cancer patients," commented David Hansen, MabVax’s President and Chief Executive Officer.

This Phase 1 clinical trial is an open-label, multi-center nonrandomized study evaluating the safety and recommended Phase 2 dose of MVT-5873 in combination with a standard of care chemotherapy in subjects with pancreatic and other CA19-9 positive malignancies. Secondary objectives include evaluating tumor response rate by RECIST 1.1, duration of response, and to determine pharmacokinetics. This study utilizes a conventional 3+3 design to identify the recommended Phase 2 dose. Dr. Eileen O’Reilly, Associate Director of the David M. Rubenstein Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, attending physician, member at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Professor of Medicine at Weill Cornell Medical College is the lead investigator in the MVT-5873 Phase 1 clinical trial.

For additional information about the Phase 1 MVT-5873 clinical trial, please visit clinicaltrials.gov, and reference Identifier NCT 02672917.

On February 12, 2018 AVEO Oncology (NASDAQ:AVEO) reported that the United Kingdom’s National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) has published a Final Appraisal Determination (FAD) recommending FOTIVDA (tivozanib) for the first line treatment of adult patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (aRCC) (Press release, AVEO, FEB 12, 2018, View Source;p=RssLanding&cat=news&id=2331779 [SID1234523907]). In the European Union, Norway and Iceland, tivozanib is indicated for the first line treatment of adult patients with aRCC and for adult patients who are vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) and mTOR pathway inhibitor-naïve following disease progression after one prior treatment with cytokine therapy for aRCC.1 Tivozanib is an oral, once-daily, potent and highly-selective vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (VEGFR-TKI).

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EUSA Pharma is the licensee for tivozanib in Europe, North and South Africa, Latin America and Australasia. The positive recommendation triggers a $2M milestone payment to AVEO from EUSA Pharma.

"The recommendation from NICE marks the first European Union reimbursement approval for FOTIVDA, helping ensure broadening patient access to FOTIVDA in key European markets following its launch in Germany in the fall of 2017," said Michael Bailey, president and chief executive officer of AVEO. "This recommendation underscores the strength and commercial-stage value of our partnership with EUSA Pharma, and triggers a $2 million milestone payment to AVEO. We continue to execute on our strategic plans, and we have had a very productive 2018 thus far, with the recent presentation of positive preliminary data from our tivozanib and nivolumab combination TiNivo study in RCC and an investigator sponsored study of tivozanib in liver cancer. We look forward to several potential additional key milestones in 2018, including further EU reimbursement decisions as well as topline data in the second quarter from our Phase 3 TIVO-3 study."

Under the terms of their December 2015 agreement, EUSA Pharma has agreed to pay AVEO up to $386 million in future research and development funding and milestone payments, assuming successful achievement of specified development, regulatory and commercialization objectives, as well as a tiered royalty ranging from a low double-digit up to mid-twenty percent on net sales of tivozanib in the agreement’s territories. Thirty percent of milestone and royalty payments received by AVEO, excluding research and development funding, are due to Kyowa Hakko Kirin (KHK) as a sublicensing fee in Europe. In the United States, the royalty obligation to KHK ranges from the low- to mid-teens on net sales.

About Tivozanib (FOTIVDA)

Tivozanib (FOTIVDA) is an oral, once-daily, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) discovered by Kyowa Hakko Kirin and approved for the treatment of adult patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in the European Union plus Norway and Iceland. It is a potent, selective and long half-life inhibitor of all three VEGF receptors and is designed to optimize VEGF blockade while minimizing off-target toxicities, potentially resulting in improved efficacy and minimal dose modifications.1,2 Tivozanib has been shown to significantly reduce regulatory T-cell production in preclinical models, enabling potentially enhanced activity when used in combination with immune modulating therapy. As part of a North American registration plan, tivozanib is currently being studied in the Phase 3 TIVO-3 trial, a randomized, controlled, multi-center, open-label study to compare tivozanib to sorafenib in subjects with refractory advanced RCC. Tivozanib has been investigated in several tumors types, including renal cell, hepatocellular, colorectal and breast cancers.

On February 12, 2018 Advaxis, Inc. (NASDAQ:ADXS), a late-stage biotechnology company focused on the discovery, development and commercialization of immunotherapy products, reported that data from an earlier Phase 2 clinical study of axalimogene filolisbac (ADXS11-001) as a treatment for persistent or recurrent metastatic (squamous or non-squamous cell) carcinoma of the cervix (PRmCC) was accepted for publication in the May edition of peer-reviewed International Journal of Gynecological Cancer (Press release, Advaxis, FEB 12, 2018, View Source [SID1234523905]). The article is titled, "A Randomized Phase 2 Study of ADXS11-001 Listeria monocytogenes-Listeriolysin O Immunotherapy With or Without Cisplatin in Treatment of Advanced Cervical Cancer."

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This multicenter, randomized Phase 2 study conducted in India compared axalimogene filolisbac as a monotherapy with axalimogene filolisbac in combination with chemotherapy (cisplatin) in 110 patients with PRmCC. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS), and patients were followed every three months for up to 18 months for tumor response and survival status.

The 12-month OS rate was approximately 35% (n = 38/109). Median OS was 8.28 months in the axalimogene filolisbac monotherapy arm and 8.78 months in the combination arm (p=non-significant). Overall, approximately 25% of patients (n = 27/109) reached the 18-month survival milestone. There were 3 confirmed complete responses (RECIST 1.1) and 1 confirmed partial response.

The most commonly reported treatment related adverse events were mild-to-moderate and related to cytokine release symptoms (chills, fever, vomiting and nausea), consistent with the observed safety profile in later clinical studies.

"These compelling results led to the conduct of the Phase 2 GOG-0265 study, where the 12-month OS rate with axalimogene filolisbac was subsequently replicated in a more heavily-pretreated PRmCC population in the U.S. In addition, these data are supportive of our upcoming planned submission of a conditional Marketing Authorization Application with the European Medicines Agency for axalimogene filolisbac for the treatment for metastatic cervical cancer, and give us added confidence in our immunotherapy as a treatment for these patients with limited treatment options," stated Anthony Lombardo, interim Chief Executive Officer of Advaxis.

About Axalimogene Filolisbac

Axalimogene filolisbac is a targeted Listeria monocytogenes (Lm)-based immunotherapy that attacks HPV-associated cancers by altering a live strain of Lm bacteria to generate cancer-fighting T cells against cancer antigens while neutralizing the tumor’s natural protections that guard the tumor microenvironment from immunologic attack. In a Phase 2 trial evaluating axalimogene filolisbac for the treatment of PRmCC, the product candidate showed a 12-month overall survival rate of 38% observed in 50 patients in the trial. This is a 55% improvement over an expected, model-predicted, 12-month survival rate of 24.5%.

Axalimogene filolisbac has achieved multiple regulatory milestones, including classification as an EMA advanced therapy-medicinal product for the treatment of cervical cancer, receipt of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Fast Track Designation as an adjuvant therapy for treating high-risk, locally advanced cervical cancer (HRLACC), receipt of a Special Protocol Assessment agreement with the FDA for the Phase 3 AIM2CERV trial, and orphan drug designations in three HPV-associated indications (PRmCC, head and neck, and anal cancer).