On April 21, 2015 OPKO Health, Inc. (NYSE:OPK) reported the online publication of a study entitled "Predicting High-Grade Cancer at Ten-Core Prostate Biopsy Using Four Kallikrein Markers Measured in Blood in the ProtecT Study" in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute (Press release, Opko Health, APR 21, 2015, View Source [SID:1234506587]). The study shows that the four kallikrein panel of biomarkers utilized in the OPKO 4Kscore Test (Total PSA, Free PSA, Intact PSA and hK2) accurately identifies risk for aggressive prostate cancer prior to prostate biopsy.
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The Prostate Testing for Cancer and Treatment (ProtecT) study is a prospective randomized controlled trial conducted in the United Kingdom for the purpose of evaluating the cost effectiveness of conventional treatments in PSA-detected, clinically localized prostate cancer. Of the 82,428 men recruited for the trial, a total of 6129 men with elevated PSA (≥3.0 ng/mL) who underwent prostate biopsy and provided an adequate blood sample were tested for the four kallikreins and their 4Kscore result was determined. The study showed that the four kallikrein panel enhanced aggressive prostate cancer detection compared with PSA and age alone. The area under the curve (AUC) for the 4K model was 0.820 (95% CI = 0.802 to 0.838) while the PSA model was 0.738 (95% CI = 0.716 to 0.761) for high-grade cancer.
"The ProtecT study is the latest in a series of peer-reviewed publications demonstrating the superior clinical value that testing with four kallikrein markers adds to risk prediction for aggressive prostate cancer compared to PSA alone," said Dr. Peter Scardino, Chair, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. "The high level of discrimination for differentially detecting high-grade disease supports use of the four kallikrein panel as a reflex test prior to having a prostate biopsy for men with an elevated PSA."
"The 4Kscore biomarker algorithm has now been tested and published on over 20,000 men in 11 peer-reviewed publications covering multiple US and European cohorts," said David Okrongly, President of OPKO Diagnostics. "The results all demonstrated the high discrimination and favorable decision curve benefit of the 4Kscore algorithm for predicting the results of prostate biopsy pathology, as well as 20 year outcomes for risk of metastatic prostate cancer."
About Prostate Cancer
According to the World Health Organization, prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in men worldwide, with over 1.1 million men diagnosed with prostate cancer in 2012 and over 300,000 men dying from the disease. In countries like the U.S. where screening for prostate cancer with the PSA test began 20 years ago there has been a sharp increase in the number of prostate cancers detected. However, most of the prostate cancers detected are an indolent, non-life threatening form of the disease. The net result has been a decrease in prostate cancer mortality during the PSA era, but at a cost of over detection and over treatment of indolent prostate cancers.
About the 4Kscore Test
The 4Kscore is the only blood test that accurately identifies risk for aggressive prostate cancer. The 4Kscore measures the blood plasma levels of four different prostate-derived kallikrein proteins: Total PSA, Free PSA, Intact PSA and Human Kallikrein-2 (hK2). These biomarkers are combined with a patient’s age, Digital Rectal Exam (DRE) status (nodule / no nodule), and prior negative biopsy status (yes / no) using a proprietary algorithm to calculate the risk (probability) of finding a Gleason Score 7 or higher prostate cancer. The four kallikrein panel of biomarkers utilized in the 4Kscore Test is based on over a decade of research conducted by scientists at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and leading European institutions. The 4Kscore Test provides individualized risk for the presence of aggressive prostate cancer and adds new information to the shared decision making discussion between a Urologist and patient.