On June 7, 2024 MAIA Biotechnology, Inc., (NYSE American: MAIA) ("MAIA", the "Company"), a clinical-stage company developing telomere-targeting immunotherapies for cancer, reported the validation of clinical and regulatory pathways for viable therapies leveraging the cell’s telomeric functions as evidenced by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of imetelstat, a treatment for low- to intermediate-risk hematologic malignancies (myelodysplastic syndromes) from Geron Corporation (Press release, MAIA Biotechnology, JUN 7, 2024, View Source [SID1234644202]).
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"MAIA is one of the earliest pioneers of telomere targeting as a therapeutic strategy, and we share in the enthusiasm for the FDA approval of imetelstat for rare blood cancers originating in bone marrow. We have found that telomere targeting as a mechanism of action plays a key role in treating certain cancers, and we are studying this science in our Phase 2 trial of THIO in high-risk non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)," said Vlad Vitoc, M.D., Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of MAIA. "Our most recent clinical data shows THIO’s exceptional efficacy in checkpoint inhibitor and chemo-resistant patients in NSCLC. We salute Geron for validating the pathway," concluded Dr. Vitoc.
Telomerase is present in over 85% of human cancers and contributes significantly to the proliferation and reproductive immortality of cancer cells. MAIA’s lead candidate is THIO, a telomere targeting agent in clinical development (Phase 2 THIO-101) to evaluate its activity in NSCLC. THIO is recognized by telomerase and incorporated into telomeres in cancer cells. Once incorporated, THIO compromises the telomere structure and function, leading to ‘uncapping’ of the chromosome ends and thus resulting in rapid tumor cell death.
About THIO
THIO (6-thio-dG or 6-thio-2’-deoxyguanosine) is a first-in-class investigational telomere-targeting agent currently in clinical development to evaluate its activity in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). Telomeres, along with the enzyme telomerase, play a fundamental role in the survival of cancer cells and their resistance to current therapies. The modified nucleotide 6-thio-2’-deoxyguanosine (THIO) induces telomerase-dependent telomeric DNA modification, DNA damage responses, and selective cancer cell death. THIO-damaged telomeric fragments accumulate in cytosolic micronuclei and activates both innate (cGAS/STING) and adaptive (T-cell) immune responses. The sequential treatment with THIO followed by PD-(L)1 inhibitors resulted in profound and persistent tumor regression in advanced, in vivo cancer models by induction of cancer type–specific immune memory. THIO is presently developed as a second or later line of treatment for NSCLC for patients that have progressed beyond the standard-of-care regimen of existing checkpoint inhibitors.
About THIO-101, a Phase 2 Clinical Trial
THIO-101 is a multicenter, open-label, dose finding Phase 2 clinical trial. It is the first trial designed to evaluate THIO’s anti-tumor activity when followed by PD-(L)1 inhibition. The trial is testing the hypothesis that low doses of THIO administered prior to cemiplimab (Libtayo) will enhance and prolong immune response in patients with advanced NSCLC who previously did not respond or developed resistance and progressed after first-line treatment regimen containing another checkpoint inhibitor. The trial design has two primary objectives: (1) to evaluate the safety and tolerability of THIO administered as an anticancer compound and a priming immune activator (2) to assess the clinical efficacy of THIO using Overall Response Rate (ORR) as the primary clinical endpoint. Treatment with cemiplimab (Libtayo) followed by THIO has been generally well-tolerated to date in a heavily pre-treated population. For more information on this Phase II trial, please visit ClinicalTrials.gov using the identifier NCT05208944.