On March 6, 2024 MAIA Biotechnology, Inc., (NYSE American: MAIA) ("MAIA", the "Company"), a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company developing targeted immunotherapies for cancer, reported positive efficacy data for third-line treatment in its Phase 2 THIO-101 clinical trial evaluating THIO sequenced with the immune checkpoint inhibitor (CPI) cemiplimab (Libtayo) in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (Press release, MAIA Biotechnology, MAR 6, 2024, View Source [SID1234640889]).
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"As an impressive measure of efficacy, the strong response rate of 38% in third-line treatment supports our premise that THIO administration prior to cemiplimab can improve tumor responses to immunotherapy in advanced NSCLC patients resistant to CPIs and other standard treatments"
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As of January 8, 2024, overall response rate (ORR), characterized as partial or complete response to therapy, was 38% (3 out of 8 patients) in the efficacy evaluable population for combination THIO 180mg + cemiplimab in third-line treatment for NSCLC patients who failed treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors in prior lines of therapy, with or without chemotherapy.
"As an impressive measure of efficacy, the strong response rate of 38% in third-line treatment supports our premise that THIO administration prior to cemiplimab can improve tumor responses to immunotherapy in advanced NSCLC patients resistant to CPIs and other standard treatments," said Vlad Vitoc, M.D., MAIA’s Chairman and Chief Executive Officer. "Around 60-70% of NSCLC patients do not have a targetable mutation and cannot benefit from a biomarker-targeted therapy, making it the greatest unmet medical need population in lung cancer. In currently available treatments for these patients in third-line, response rates range around 6%.1 We are encouraged by the excellent efficacy findings in THIO-101 to date, adding impressive ORR to unprecented disease control rates (DCR), and further demonstrating the potential of our first-in-class treatment to redefine the standard of care for NSCLC patients."
The efficacy evaluable population defined in the THIO-101 protocol considers all subjects who received at least one dose of THIO treatment and have at least one postbaseline tumor assessment (scans). Two third-line patients in the 180mg dose cohort did not have recorded scans at the data cutoff. Safety remained consistent with previous reports.
The Company recently announced early completion of enrollment in the THIO-101 trial. THIO-101 is expected to be the first completed clinical study of a telomere-targeting agent in the field of cancer drug discovery and treatment.
About THIO
THIO (6-thio-dG or 6-thio-2’-deoxyguanosine) is a first-in-class investigational telomere-targeting agent currently in clinical development to evaluate its activity in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). Telomeres, along with the enzyme telomerase, play a fundamental role in the survival of cancer cells and their resistance to current therapies. The modified nucleotide 6-thio-2’-deoxyguanosine (THIO) induces telomerase-dependent telomeric DNA modification, DNA damage responses, and selective cancer cell death. THIO-damaged telomeric fragments accumulate in cytosolic micronuclei and activates both innate (cGAS/STING) and adaptive (T-cell) immune responses. The sequential treatment with THIO followed by PD-(L)1 inhibitors resulted in profound and persistent tumor regression in advanced, in vivo cancer models by induction of cancer type–specific immune memory. THIO is presently developed as a second or later line of treatment for NSCLC for patients that have progressed beyond the standard-of-care regimen of existing checkpoint inhibitors.
About THIO-101, a Phase 2 Clinical Trial
THIO-101 is a multicenter, open-label, dose finding Phase 2 clinical trial. It is the first trial designed to evaluate THIO’s anti-tumor activity when followed by PD-(L)1 inhibition. The trial is testing the hypothesis that low doses of THIO administered prior to cemiplimab (Libtayo) will enhance and prolong immune response in patients with advanced NSCLC who previously did not respond or developed resistance and progressed after first-line treatment regimen containing another checkpoint inhibitor. The trial design has two primary objectives: (1) to evaluate the safety and tolerability of THIO administered as an anticancer compound and a priming immune activator (2) to assess the clinical efficacy of THIO using Overall Response Rate (ORR) as the primary clinical endpoint. Treatment with cemiplimab (Libtayo) followed by THIO has been generally well-tolerated to date in a heavily pre-treated population. For more information on this Phase II trial, please visit ClinicalTrials.gov using the identifier NCT05208944.