On November 30, 2015 Kura Oncology, Inc. (NASDAQ:KURA), reported that the first patient has been dosed in an investigator-sponsored Phase 2 trial of its lead drug candidate, tipifarnib, an inhibitor of protein farnesylation, in cancer patients with urothelial carcinoma tumors characterized by HRAS mutations (Press release, Kura Oncology, NOV 30, 2015, View Source [SID:1234508355]). The study is being conducted under the direction of Se Hoon Park, M.D., Ph.D. in the Division of Hematology-Oncology at the Samsung Medical Center in Seoul, South Korea. Schedule your 30 min Free 1stOncology Demo! "This study, in combination with our ongoing Phase 2 study in HRAS mutant tumors, should provide further insight into tipifarnib’s activity in HRAS mutant tumors and broaden our understanding of its mechanism of action," said Antonio Gualberto, M.D., Ph.D., Chief Medical Officer of Kura Oncology. "We are pleased to support the efforts of Dr. Park and his colleagues at the Samsung Medical Center."
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"The development of new drugs for patients with refractory urothelial cancer is an important unmet medical need," said Dr. Park, lead investigator of the study. "There is a compelling scientific rationale to evaluate the role of HRAS and the activity of tipifarnib in this setting."
The primary objective of the Phase 2 study is to investigate the antitumor activity, in terms of objective response rate, of tipifarnib in patients with locally advanced, unresectable or metastatic, relapsed and/or refractory urothelial cancer tumors that carry HRAS mutations. Secondary objectives include evaluation of progression-free survival, duration of response and safety. It is planned that the study will enroll up to 18 patients.
About HRAS
The HRAS protein is a GTPase involved in regulating cell division in response to growth factor stimulation. Growth factors act by binding cell surface receptors that span the cell’s plasma membrane. Once activated, receptors stimulate signal transduction events in the cytoplasm, a process by which proteins and second messengers relay signals from outside the cell to the cell nucleus and instruct the cell to grow or divide. HRAS is an early player in many signal transduction pathways.
HRAS acts as a molecular on/off switch. Once it is turned on, it recruits and activates proteins necessary for the propagation of the receptor’s signal. In certain tumors, mutations in HRAS or its upstream effectors cause it to be permanently on, resulting in persistent activation of downstream growth and proliferation signals that drive tumor cell growth. Farnesyl transferase inhibitors (FTIs), such as tipifarnib, work to prevent the aberrant growth and proliferation of cells that are dependent on these signaling pathways by switching HRAS off.
Trial Rationale
The development of new drugs for patients with refractory urothelial cancer represents an important unmet medical need. Although the expression of HRAS in bladder tumors has been reported to have an inverse correlation with recurrence and disease progression, no data are yet available on the prognostic value of HRAS mutation in this indication. However, the strong association between Costello syndrome and bladder cancer may implicate HRAS in bladder carcinogenesis.
About Tipifarnib
Kura Oncology’s lead drug candidate, tipifarnib, inhibits farnesylation, a key cell signaling process implicated in cancer initiation and development. In extensive clinical trials, tipifarnib has shown compelling and durable anti-cancer activity in certain patient subsets and a well-established safety profile. Preclinical and clinical data suggest that, in the right genetic context, tipifarnib has the potential to provide significant benefit to cancer patients with limited treatment options. Leveraging advances in next-generation sequencing as well as emerging information about cancer genetics, Kura Oncology will seek to identify patients most likely to benefit from tipifarnib. In addition to the currently ongoing Phase 2 clinical trial of tipifarnib in patients with tumors characterized by HRAS mutations, the company initiated a Phase 2 clinical trial in patients with peripheral T-cell lymphomas in the third quarter of 2015. Kura Oncology holds an exclusive license to develop and commercialize tipifarnib in the field of oncology, under an agreement with Janssen Pharmaceutica NV.