On November 20, 2019 Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (TOKYO: 4519) reported that polatuzumab vedotin, an anti-CD79b antibody-drug conjugate under development, received orphan drug designation by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW) for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) (Press release, Chugai, NOV 20, 2019, View Source [SID1234551465]). This designation is based on the results of overseas phase Ib/II clinical studies (GO29044 study and GO29365 study) in patients with untreated DLBCL and relapsed or refractory DLBCL.

Schedule your 30 min Free 1stOncology Demo!
Discover why more than 1,500 members use 1stOncology™ to excel in:

Early/Late Stage Pipeline Development - Target Scouting - Clinical Biomarkers - Indication Selection & Expansion - BD&L Contacts - Conference Reports - Combinatorial Drug Settings - Companion Diagnostics - Drug Repositioning - First-in-class Analysis - Competitive Analysis - Deals & Licensing

                  Schedule Your 30 min Free Demo!

"While the standard therapy for untreated DLBCL is a combination of Rituxan and chemotherapy, the disease recurs in about 40 percent of the patients. There are high unmet medical needs in treating such recurrent DLBCL because many of those patients inadequately respond to subsequent autologous stem cell transplantation," said Dr. Yasushi Ito, Chugai’s Executive Vice President, Co-Head of Project & Lifecycle Management Unit. "We continue to work on preparing for the regulatory submission so that we can provide polatuzumab vedotin as one of the new treatment options to patients as soon as possible."

About polatuzumab vedotin
Polatuzumab vedotin is a first-in-class anti-CD79b antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), comprising the anti-CD79b humanized monoclonal antibody and a tubulin polymerization inhibitor attached together using a linker. The CD79b protein is expressed specifically in the majority of B-cells, making it a promising target for the development of new therapies1, 2). Polatuzumab vedotin binds to CD79b and destroys these B-cells through the delivery of an anti-cancer agent, which is thought to suppress the effects on normal cells3, 4). Polatuzumab vedotin is being developed by Roche using Seattle Genetics ADC technology and is currently being investigated for the treatment of several types of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.

About diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL)
DLBCL is one of the histologic subtypes of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL), which is categorized as aggressive disease that progresses on a monthly basis. DLBCL is the most common form of NHL, accounting for 30-40 percent of NHL5-7). DLBCL frequently occurs in middle-aged and older people, mainly in their 60’s8). The median age at diagnosis has been reported to be 649).

The combination of Rituxan and chemotherapy is the standard therapy for untreated DLBCL; however, recurrence has been observed in about 40% of the patients due to insufficient therapeutic effect10). In addition, although autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is recommended in eligible patients with recurrent or refractory DLBCL, ASCT cannot be performed in about half of these patients due to failure of salvage chemotherapy prior to ASCT11). Furthermore, no standard therapy has been established for patients ineligible for ASCT due to reasons including age or complications12).

Salvage chemotherapy: A therapy mainly used in patients with hematologic malignancy who experienced no therapeutic effects (refractory), or recurrence/relapse of the disease is referred to as a salvage chemotherapy or salvage therapy. Applicable treatment may vary depending on the type of cancer, most of which will be combination therapies consisting of multiple drugs including anticancer agents13).

About orphan drugs
Based on Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Law, orphan drugs are designated by the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare and granted priority review. The designation criteria are as follows: The number of patients who may use the drug is less than 50,000 in Japan; The drug is indicated for the treatment of serious diseases and there is a significant medical value such as no alternative appropriate drug or treatment, or high efficacy or safety expected compared to existing products; there is a theoretical rationale for using the product for the targeted disease and the development plan is reasonable.

Sources

Dornan D, et al. Therapeutic potential of an anti-CD79b antibody-drug conjugate, anti-CD79b-vc-MMAE, for the treatment of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood 2009; 114:2721-2729
Pfeifer M, et al. Anti-CD22 and anti-CD79B antibody drug conjugates are active in different molecular diffuse large B-cell lymphoma subtypes. Leukemia 2015; 29:1578-1586
Ducry L, Stump B. Antibody-drug conjugates: linking cytotoxic payloads to monoclonal antibodies. Bioconjug Chem. 2010; 21:5-13
ADC Review. What are antibody-drug conjugates? [Internet; cited June 2019]. Available from: View Source (accessed in November 2019)
Swerdlow SH, Campo E, Harris NL, Jaffe ES, Pileri SA, Stein H, et al. WHO Classification of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues, Revised 4th Edition. Lyon, International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2017
Aoki R, Karube K, Sugita Y, Nomura Y, Shimizu K, Kimura Y, et al. Distribution of malignant lymphoma in Japan: Analysis of 2260 cases.2001-2006. Pathol Int 2008; 58(3):174-82
Chihara D, Ito H, Matsuda T, Shibata A, Katsumi A, Nakamura S, Tomotaka S, et al. Differences in incidence and trends of haematological malignancies in Japan and the United States. Br J Haematol 2014 Feb; 164(4):536-45
Niitsu N, The Journal of the Japanese Society of Internal Medicine 97:1588-1594, 2008
Armitage JO, Weisenburger DD. New approach to classifying non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas: clinical features of the major histologic subtypes. Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Classification Project. J Clin Oncol 1998; 16:2780-95
Friedberg JW. Relapsed/Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program 2011; 2011:498-505
Gisselbrecht C, Glass B, Mounier N, Gill DS, Linch DC, Trneny M, et al. Salvage Regimens With Autologous Transplantation for Relapsed Large B-Cell Lymphoma in the Rituximab Era. J Clin Oncol 2010; 28: 4184-90
Japanese Society of Hematology. Practical Guidelines for Hematological Malignancies, 2018, Kanehara & Co., Ltd. (Japanese only)
Center for Cancer Control and Information Services, National Cancer Center. Glossary "salvage therapy" View Source (accessed in November 2019)