On June 12, 2018 Moleculin Biotech, Inc. (Nasdaq:MBRX) ("Moleculin" or the "Company"), a clinical stage pharmaceutical company focused on the development of oncology drug candidates, all of which are based on license agreements with The University of Texas System on behalf of the M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, reported that it has entered into an agreement with the Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Poland, for the development of its STAT3 inhibitor, WP1732, for the treatment of ocular tumors (Press release, Moleculin, JUN 12, 2018, View Source [SID1234527285]).

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"Today there are very limited options for the treatment of ocular tumors," commented Walter Klemp, Chairman and CEO of Moleculin. "And, these tumors are believed to involve a significant upregulation of the activated form of STAT3. It is important to note that, in addition to the ability of WP1732 to inhibit the proliferation and survival of cancer cells in preclinical studies, as STAT3 inhibitor, it is designed to potently block cancer stem cells and induce immune system function to overcome tumor-induced immune tolerance. This could make WP1732 an ideal candidate for targeting these unique and highly metastatic tumors."

Mr. Klemp continued: "We remain committed to targeting accelerated approval pathways for WP1732 by focusing on significant unmet needs. This includes niche indications like ocular tumors and AML, as well as high-profile indications like pancreatic cancer."

On June 12, 2018 Surface Oncology (NASDAQ:SURF), a clinical-stage immuno-oncology company developing next-generation immunotherapies that target the tumor microenvironment, reported the initiation of a Phase I trial of SRF373, a fully human antibody targeting CD73. SRF373, also known as NZV930, is the second of Surface’s immunotherapies to advance into the clinic this year (Press release, Surface Oncology, JUN 12, 2018, View Source [SID1234527367]).

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CD73 is an enzyme overexpressed by many tumors that is critical to the production of extracellular adenosine which in turn suppresses immune cell function and the ability of the immune system to recognize and attack tumors. In preclinical studies, NZV930 exhibited potent CD73 enzymatic inhibition, resulting in a reduction of adenosine and increased activity of immune cells.

The first-in-human study is being led by Novartis, which was granted a worldwide exclusive license to develop and commercialize NZV930 as part of its broad strategic collaboration with Surface. Under the collaboration, Surface is eligible to receive development and sales milestone payments for NZV930, as well as tiered royalties.

The Phase I study will evaluate the safety, tolerability, and preliminary anti-tumor activity of NZV930 as a single agent and in combination with other cancer immunotherapies. The initial dose escalation portion of the trial will include patients with triple negative breast cancer, ovarian cancer, microsatellite stable colon cancer, pancreatic cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, and renal cell carcinoma.

"We are very excited that Novartis has advanced our second product program into clinical development" said Rob Ross, M.D., chief medical officer of Surface Oncology. "We believe the profile of NZV930 is compelling and targeting adenosine reduction could play an important role in the treatment of patients suffering with a variety of types of cancer."

ABOUT SRF373 / NZV930

NZV930 is a fully human monoclonal antibody designed to inhibit CD73, an enzyme critical to the production of adenosine—an immunosuppressive metabolite within the tumor microenvironment. CD73 is overexpressed by many tumors making it a potential target with broad applicability. In preclinical studies, NZV930 exhibited potent CD73 enzymatic inhibition, resulting in a reduction of adenosine and increased T cell activity. Novartis holds a worldwide exclusive license to develop and commercialize NZV930.

On June 12, 2018 OncoMed Pharmaceuticals Inc. (NASDAQ:OMED), a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on discovering and developing novel anti-cancer therapeutics, reported that the first patient has been dosed in the company’s Phase 1b portion of the Phase 1a/1b clinical trial of anti-TIGIT (OMP-313M32) in combination with anti-PD1 (nivolumab) (Press release, OncoMed, JUN 12, 2018, View Source [SID1234527286]). TIGIT (T-cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains) is a next generation checkpoint receptor, and upon activation by the PVR ligand, a protein broadly expressed on tumor cells, it blocks T-cell activation. OncoMed’s anti-TIGIT candidate is an IgG1 monoclonal antibody checkpoint inhibitor which binds to the human TIGIT receptor on T-cells with a goal of improving the activation and effectiveness of T-cell and NK cell tumor-killing activity.

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"The dosing of the first patient in the Phase 1b portion of the anti-TIGIT trial marks an important milestone in the advancement of this therapeutic candidate through the clinic, where we will be evaluating the potential synergy of our anti-TIGIT monoclonal antibody with anti-PD1," said John Lewicki, Ph.D., president and chief executive officer of OncoMed. "We look forward to continuing our exploration of the potential anti-tumor activity of anti-TIGIT and its ability to combine safely with anti-PD1 in key clinical oncology settings. Simultaneously, dose escalation in the Phase 1a portion of the trial is nearing completion and dose expansion in select tumor types is planned."

The Phase 1b portion of the open-label Phase 1a/1b clinical trial is designed to assess safety, tolerability, preliminary efficacy, and biomarkers with escalating doses of anti-TIGIT in combination with anti-PD1 in the treatment of patients with selected advanced or metastatic solid tumors who have progressed after treatment with anti-PD1 or anti-PD-L1. The Phase 1a/1b trial is being conducted at 5 centers in the U.S., and OncoMed currently plans to enroll approximately 12 patients in the Phase 1b portion of the study. The trial will define a dosing regimen that could provide the basis for expanded studies of anti-TIGIT in combination with anti-PD1.

About TIGIT
TIGIT blocks T-cells from attacking tumor cells and is similar in structure and function to the inhibitory protein PD-1. OncoMed’s anti-TIGIT antibody (OMP-313M32) is intended to activate the immune system through multiple mechanisms and enable anti-tumor activity. At the 2018 AACR (Free AACR Whitepaper) Annual Meeting, OncoMed presented preclinical data (Abstract 5627) which demonstrated that anti-TIGIT treatment reduced the abundance of regulatory T-cells (Tregs) within tumors in animal models. Mechanistic studies demonstrated an important contribution of effector function for anti-tumor efficacy. Using a surrogate anti-TIGIT antibody, potent single-agent dose-dependent anti-tumor efficacy was demonstrated on large established CT26 WT tumors. Anti-TIGIT efficacy was shown to require effector function for tumor growth inhibition and biomarker analysis demonstrated reduction of Treg frequency and activation of T-cells and NK cells as part of the mechanism of action of anti-TIGIT. CD226, a co-receptor for TIGIT’s ligands PVR and PVRL2, was significantly upregulated in T-cells, Tregs and NK cells, reflecting a feedback loop activated by the inhibition of TIGIT activity. Additionally in a human tissue study, TIGIT expression on Tregs was found to be considerably higher than on CD8+ T-cells in multiplexed IHC panels across a panel of multiple solid tumors types. This program is part of OncoMed’s Celgene collaboration.

On June 11, 2018 BridgeBio Pharma reported that it has entered into an agreement with Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. to acquire cyclic pyranopterin monophosphate (cPMP; ALXN1101), a synthetic enzyme co-factor therapy for patients with the ultra-rare disease caused by molybdenum cofactor deficiency (MoCD) Type A (Press release, BridgeBio, JUN 11, 2018, View Source [SID1234576280]). In addition, BridgeBio announced that it was launching a new subsidiary, Origin Biosciences, with sufficient capital to support clinical development of ALXN1101 through potential regulatory approval and commercialization.

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MoCD is an ultra-rare autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism. The disease is caused by a mutation in the MOCS1 gene and leads to defective production of cPMP. Clinical signs of MoCD present shortly after birth and progress rapidly. Newborns with MoCD experience difficulty feeding and intractable seizures yet have no approved available therapies. Patients have a median survival of three years, and those who survive often have severe and irreversible injury to their central nervous system.

"Historically, replacing missing or defective proteins has proven highly efficacious for treating loss of function monogenic conditions – in the case of MoCD type A, we are replacing the missing or defective cPMP, providing children with much needed MoCD activity," said Michael Henderson, M.D., senior vice president of asset acquisition at BridgeBio. "BridgeBio’s team is committed to continuing the development of ALXN1101 for infants born with MoCD Type A deficiency, their families and caregivers."

ALXN1101 is a synthetic version of cPMP, the missing cofactor causing MoCD Type A. In previous work with a recombinant form of cPMP, 11 patients with MoCD Type A had normalization of biomarkers within two days, eight patients showed some suppression of seizures, and three patients had near-normal development. ALXN1101 has received Breakthrough Therapy designation from the US FDA.

"Patients born with MoCD face a bleak future, and we will do all we can to pursue the development of this exciting compound, which has the potential to replace the missing enzyme," said Neil Kumar, Ph.D., CEO of BridgeBio. "BridgeBio aims to sustainably pursue even the rarest of diseases, such as MoCD, especially where we can support drug programs that target well described genetic diseases at their source."

While specific terms of the deal have not been disclosed, BridgeBio has committed sufficient resources to Origin Biosciences to enable clinical development, regulatory approval and to support commercialization of ALXN1101. Alexion will receive additional payments upon the realization of development and sales milestones.

On JUN 11, 2018 Targovax ASA ("Targovax" or "the Company"; OSE: TRVX), a clinical stage company focused on developing and commercializing immune activating oncology therapies to target, primarily, treatment resistant solid tumors, reported an update to its clinical development strategy (Press release, Targovax, JUN 11, 2018, View Source [SID1234527412]).

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Targovax has previously reported encouraging proof-of-concept data from clinical trials with both of its immune activator platforms technologies; ONCOS, which uses genetically armed oncolytic adenoviruses, and TG, a neo-antigen vaccine that targets mutant RAS cancers. However, based on recent external clinical data and market dynamics, Targovax has decided to prioritize and strengthen the development focus on the ONCOS program.

Over the past 12 months, there has been clinical data released from multiple external studies corroborating the potential of oncolytic viruses as an important class of immune activating agents that can boost the effect of other treatments, such as checkpoint inhibitors. This notion is further strengthened by increased partnering and M&A activity by major global pharmaceutical companies, underscored by the acquisitions earlier this year of Viralytics and Benevir by Merck and Johnson & Johnson, respectively.

Furthermore, data presented at the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) (Free ASCO Whitepaper) annual meeting on June 1-5 has fundamentally changed the development preconditions for the TG program. Data from independent trials testing the chemotherapy cocktail Folfirinox in resected pancreas cancer, the lead indication for TG01, has demonstrated an improvement in median overall survival of up to 2 years compared to the current standard of care (gemcitabine and capecitabine). These results are great news for patients suffering from this difficult-to-treat cancer. It is expected that the Folfirinox treatment regimen will be quickly adopted as a new standard of care in resected pancreatic cancer, and it is already clear that that the design of Targovax’s planned randomized phase II trial of TG01 in combination with gemcitabine and capecitabine is inadequate and that the trial will not start. Although we are confident that TG01 will be active in combination with any standard of care therapy, the new Folfirinox median survival benchmark of close to 5 years means that such a combination trial is not practically feasible for Targovax.

Targovax strongly believes in the potential of the TG platform to treat mutant RAS cancers, and is encouraged by the signal of efficacy seen in the recent phase I/II trial in resected pancreas cancer. In addition, the company already has a phase I trial underway in colorectal cancer with TG02, the second-generation product from the TG program, combining with pembrolizumab. This trial is expected to read out in 2019. In light of the new Folfirinox data, the Company will together with its clinical advisors reevaluate and reshape the development plans for TG, and devise a strategy for how to best create value for both patients and shareholders. A revised development strategy for the TG program will be presented during the autumn.

The resources freed up by this decision will be allocated to strengthen and speed up ONCOS development. In particular, Targovax is currently looking into options to expand the ongoing trial in mesothelioma, the target launch indication for ONCOS-102.

Øystein Soug, CEO of Targovax said "It is fortunate for us that the emerging Folfirinox data in resected pancreatic cancer was presented at ASCO (Free ASCO Whitepaper) already this year, as it gave us the opportunity to reassess our trial design before committing to an inadequate combination treatment. We are confident that our TG vaccine has potential to benefit patients with mutant RAS cancers, and will now reassess the TG development plan. ONCOS continues to be our lead program, and we will further sharpen our focus to drive ONCOS-102 forward with full force, and remain in the forefront of oncolytic virus development"