On April 16, 2018 Cancer Genetics, Inc. (Nasdaq:CGIX), a leader in enabling precision medicine for oncology through molecular markers and diagnostics, reported that it has received special 510(k) clearance from the U. S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for its Tissue of Origin test (TOO) following modifications made to test reagents and software (Press release, Cancer Genetics, APR 16, 2018, View Source [SID1234525337]).

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TOO is a microarray-based gene expression test that analyzes a tumor’s genomic information to help identify its origin, which is valuable in classifying metastatic, poorly differentiated, or undifferentiated cancers. TOO assesses 2,000 individual genes, covering 15 of the most common tumor types (representing 58 morphologies) and 90% of all solid tumors [1]. These tumors include thyroid, breast, non-small cell lung, pancreas, gastric, colorectal, liver, bladder, kidney, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, melanoma, ovarian, sarcoma, testicular germ cell, and prostate.
TOO is the only FDA-cleared test of its type and is Medicare-reimbursed. It is also the only test that provides a pathologist’s review and interpretation of a patient’s test results and diagnosis. TOO provides extensive analytical and clinical validation for statistically significant improvement in accuracy over other methods, including IHC [2]. TOO results lead to a change in patient treatment 65% of the time. In challenging cancers that require a second round of IHC, TOO increases diagnostic accuracy and confidence in site-specific treatment decisions [1].
"Our TOO Test represents a unique offering with the ability to add significant value to the continuum of care for cancer patients and greatly enhance our biopharma partners’ development efforts. This 510(k) clearance represents an important milestone toward our goal of gaining broad adoption of the test," said John A. (Jay) Roberts, Interim Chief Executive Officer and COO of Cancer Genetics. "An important element of our recently implemented transformation strategy is the identification of new methods through which to monetize our world-class test portfolio. We are currently evaluating several partnering opportunities that would expand the reach of the TOO Test and have the potential to generate high-margin revenue streams. We look forward to continuing this process as we leverage the capabilities of TOO to drive future growth."

Compared to the early version, the current TOO assay uses new labeling reagents and has a higher accuracy rate and a shorter workflow with similar precision and reproducibility. The low RNA input requirement of the early version is maintained. The combined result of these new features offers a further optimized clinical assay to help clinicians make diagnostic decisions and subsequent treatment selections.

Rita Shaknovich, Chief Medical Officer of CGI added, "Despite increasing excellence in the diagnostic workup for malignancies, there are approximately 150,000 newly diagnosed cases of metastatic cancer with unclear diagnosis in the U.S. and Europe each year [3]. This includes the subset of patients with cancers of unknown primary (CUP) and of uncertain origin. Increasingly complex algorithms and testing associated with a diagnostic workup also means that many challenging cases have insufficient amount of sample material for analysis. CGI’s TOO aids in identifying the source of such challenging tumors while using less material, and could be used as a diagnostic or confirmatory tool both for routine clinical testing and for clinical trial enrollment of patients with such tumors, enabling them to be considered for novel drug therapies."
The Company announced on April 2, 2018 that it has engaged Raymond James & Associates, Inc. as a financial advisor to assist with evaluating options for the Company’s strategic direction. These options may include raising additional capital, the acquisition of another company and / or complementary assets, the sale of the Company, or another type of strategic partnership. The Company’s Board of Directors is committed to evaluating all potential strategic opportunities and to pursuing the path most likely to create both near- and longer-term value for Cancer Genetics’ shareholders.
1. R Pillai, et al. Validation and Reproducibility of a Microarray-based Gene Expression Test for Identifying the Primary Site of Tumors in Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Specimens. J Molec Diag 13 2011;13:48-56.
2. JP Grenert, et al. Gene Expression Profiling from Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded Tissue for Tumor Diagnosis. Clin Chim Acta. 2011 Jul 15;412(15-16):1462-4.
3. Tomuleasa, Ciprian, et al. How to Diagnose and Treat a Cancer of Unknown Primary Site. Journal of Gastrointestinal & Liver Diseases 26.1 (2017).

On April 16, 2018 Navidea Biopharmaceuticals (NYSE MKT: NAVB) ("Navidea" or "the Company"), a company focused on the development of precision immunodiagnostic agents and immunotherapeutics, reported it will present at the 2nd Annual NASH Summit in Boston, MA being held April 23-25, 2018 (Press release, Navidea Biopharmaceuticals, APR 16, 2018, View Source [SID1234525353]). Michael Goldberg, President and Chief Executive Officer, will be giving a new presentation focused on Navidea’s NASH research; the presentation will be available on Navidea’s website following the conference.

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Event: 2nd Annual NASH Conference
Presentation Date: Wednesday, April 25th
Presentation Time: 11:30am EST
Location: Revere Hotel Boston Common, Boston, MA
To schedule a meeting with Navidea management at the conference, please contact Navidea Investor Relations at [email protected].

On 16 April 2018 Crescendo Biologics Ltd (Crescendo), the developer of multifunctional biologics, including targeted T-cell engagers, reported that it has achieved the first major technical milestone under the terms of its collaboration with Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited (Takeda; TSE: 4502) (Press release, Crescendo Biologics, APR 16, 2018, View Source [SID1234525320]).
The global, strategic, multi-target collaboration and license agreement with Takeda was announced in October 2016. Under this agreement, Crescendo’s proprietary transgenic platform and engineering expertise is being used to identify and optimally configure Humabody-based therapeutics against targets selected by Takeda.

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This milestone, for an undisclosed amount, marks the successful delivery of a highly diverse panel of Humabody leads, directed to the first of Takeda’s selected targets.
Dr Peter Pack, CEO of Crescendo, commented:
"This milestone is an important step forward in our relationship with Takeda. It demonstrates our ability to deliver a diverse selection of characterised Humabody molecules that meet the stringent specifications outlined in the agreement. In conjunction with Takeda’s deep expertise in the field of oncology, this exciting milestone provides further validation of Crescendo’s ability to create optimally configured Humabodies.
"This milestone demonstrates the potential of this innovative technology and brings us closer to our goal of developing next generation, highly modular and targeted biologics against cancer."

On April 16, 2018 Cellectar Biosciences (Nasdaq: CLRB), a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on the discovery, development and commercialization of drugs for the treatment of cancer, reported the presentation of CLR 131 preclinical data in a poster discussion entitled "Therapeutic Combination of Radiolabeled CLR1404 with External Beam Radiation in Head and Neck Cancer Murine Xenograft Models" at the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) (Free AACR Whitepaper) Annual Meeting underway in Chicago (Press release, Cellectar Biosciences, APR 16, 2018, View Source [SID1234525338]). The discussion, hosted on Sunday, April 15, 2018 was led by Chunrong Li, assistant scientist, Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health.

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The purpose of the study was to evaluate the anti-tumor effect of CLR 131 in combination with external beam radiation (XRT). The results demonstrated uptake of CLR 131 across multiple head and neck cancer (HNC) cell lines and xenograft models, and synergistic anti-tumor effects when CLR 131 was combined with XRT. The combination of CLR 131 and fractionated XRT showed enhanced tumor growth inhibition compared with single modality treatment in the 6 HNC xenograft models. Importantly, the findings suggest potential efficacy using CLR 131 combined with reduced-dose XRT in HNC patients. High-dose XRT while effective for localized disease, produces significant co-morbidities for patients, especially those suffering from diffuse disease. The potential to reduce the XRT dose may also result in decreased toxicity to normal tissue, a common side effect of high-dose XRT.

As a key milestone of their Head and Neck SPORE Grant (NIH P50 DE026787), the University of Wisconsin-Madison is initiating the first human clinical trial combining CLR 131 and external beam radiation in patients with recurrent HNC in the second half of 2018. The costs associated with the Phase 1 study will be covered in their entirety through the grant and the study represents a fourth clinical trial using the company’s lead PDC, CLR 131.

"As we continue both preclinical and clinical evaluation of our lead cancer targeting compound CLR 131, our potential to meaningfully impact a broad range of cancers continues to grow," said James Caruso, chief executive officer of Cellectar Biosciences. "We are encouraged by the data highlighted at AACR (Free AACR Whitepaper) showing enhanced receptivity to treatment and inhibition of tumor growth, while potentially reducing toxicities associated with current standard of care treatment."

About CLR 131
CLR 131 is Cellectar’s investigational radioiodinated PDC therapy that exploits the tumor-targeting properties of the company’s proprietary phospholipid ether (PLE) and PLE analogs to selectively deliver radiation to malignant tumor cells, thus minimizing radiation exposure to normal tissues. CLR 131, is in a Phase 2 clinical study in relapsed or refractory (R/R) MM and a range of B-cell malignancies and a Phase 1 clinical study in patients with (R/R) MM exploring fractionated dosing . In 2018 the company plans to initiate a Phase 1 study with CLR 131 in pediatric solid tumors and lymphoma, and a second Phase 1 study in combination with external beam radiation for head and neck cancer.

On April 15, 2018 AstraZeneca and Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, N.J., US (Merck: known as MSD outside the US and Canada) reported that presented data from the Phase III OlympiAD trial showing the final overall survival (OS) results for Lynparza (olaparib) in metastatic breast cancer at the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) (Free AACR Whitepaper) Annual Meeting in Chicago, US, 14-18 April 2018 (Press release, AstraZeneca, APR 15, 2018, View Source [SID1234525367]).

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The trial compared Lynparza with chemotherapy (physician’s choice of capecitabine, eribulin or vinorelbine) for patients with germline BRCA-mutated (gBRCAm) HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer and met its primary endpoint of progression-free survival (PFS).

Results at AACR (Free AACR Whitepaper) include updated findings from the secondary endpoint of overall survival (OS). While the trial was not powered to demonstrate a statistically-significant difference, the median OS was 19.3 months in patients treated with Lynparza and 17.1 months for patients treated with chemotherapy (HR 0.90; 95% CI 0.66-1.23; p=0.513). At the final OS data cut-off (64% maturity), nearly 13% of patients remained on Lynparza and no patients remained on chemotherapy.

Sean Bohen, Executive Vice President, Global Medicines Development and Chief Medical Officer at AstraZeneca, said: "OlympiAD is the first Phase III trial to demonstrate disease control with a PARP inhibitor in BRCA-mutated HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer. While the trial was not powered to show overall survival compared to chemotherapy, the results are another encouraging marker in the use of Lynparza for this patient population."
Roy Baynes, Senior Vice President and Head of Global Clinical Development, Chief Medical Officer, MSD Research Laboratories, said: "For patients and physicians, these results are meaningful in that they support the progression-free survival endpoint – which showed that patients treated with Lynparza gained seven months chemotherapy-free time – and reinforce the importance of identifying BRCA status to optimise metastatic breast cancer management."
When analysing the predefined subgroups, the results were consistent with the overall analysis, which did not show a statistically-significant difference between arms. The greatest difference was seen in patients who had not received chemotherapy in the metastatic setting with a median difference in OS of 7.9 months with Lynparza (HR 0.51; 95% CI 0.29-0.90; nominal p=0.02; median 22.6 vs 14.7 months).

The safety profile of Lynparza remained consistent with the primary analysis, indicating no relevant cumulative toxicity with extended exposure. Serious adverse events (Grade >3) were reported in 38% of patients who received Lynparza vs 49.5% of patients in the chemotherapy arm.

These results build on previously reported findings, which demonstrated Lynparza significantly improved PFS (HR 0.58; 95% CI 0.43-0.80; p=0.0009 median 7.0 vs 4.2 months) and showed benefit beyond initial disease progression, prolonging time to second progression or death (PFS2) by 3.9 months (HR 0.57; 95% CI 0.40-0.83; p=0.003 median 13.2 months vs 9.3 months). Previously reported findings also showed Lynparza doubled objective response rates (52% [95% CI 44-60] vs 23% [95% CI 13-35]) and improved quality-of-life scores. The data from the OlympiAD trial can be found in the 10 August 2017 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine.
In January 2018, Lynparza was approved by the US FDA for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer, based on the OlympiAD data. A Type II variation application was recently validated by the European Medicines Agency for Lynparza in gBRCAm HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer.

A Phase III trial (n=1800), OlympiA, is evaluating Lynparza as an adjuvant treatment in patients with gBRCA HER2-negative breast cancer, with results expected in 2020. The trial is powered to assess potential benefit in OS.
Lynparza is approved in around 60 countries for advanced ovarian cancer and has treated more than 20,000 patients globally. It has the broadest clinical development programme of any PARP inhibitor and AstraZeneca and MSD are working together to bring Lynparza to more patients across multiple cancers.
NOTES TO EDITORS
About OlympiAD
OlympiAD is a global, randomised, open-label, multi-centre Phase III trial of 302 patients, assessing the efficacy and safety of Lynparza tablets (300 mg twice daily) compared to chemotherapy (physician’s choice of capecitabine, eribulin or vinorelbine). 205 patients were randomised to receive Lynparza and 97 patients were randomised to receive chemotherapy.
Patients in the OlympiAD trial had germline BRCA-mutated, HER2-negative (hormone receptor-positive or triple negative) breast cancer and received Lynparza for treatment in the metastatic setting. Prior to enrolment, 71% of patients had received no more than two previous chemotherapy treatments for metastasised breast cancer and 28% of patients had received prior platinum-based chemotherapy. Also enrolled were patients with HR+ breast cancer who had received at least one endocrine therapy (adjuvant therapy or therapy for metastatic disease) and had disease progression during therapy, unless they had disease for which the endocrine therapy was considered inappropriate.

The primary endpoint was PFS. Secondary endpoints included OS, time to second progression or death, objective response rate, health-related quality of life and safety and tolerability.
About Metastatic Breast Cancer

PRs, ERs and HER2 receptors may be expressed on breast cancer cells. A patient’s breast cancer will test either negative or positive for these three receptors. If a tumour tests positive for PR and/or ER, it is considered hormone-receptor positive. If a tumour tests negative for all three receptors, it is considered triple negative. These receptors indicate which hormones or other proteins may be promoting growth of the cancer.
Metastatic Breast Cancer (MBC) is the most advanced stage of breast cancer (Stage IV), and occurs when cancer cells have spread beyond the initial tumour site to other parts of the body, outside of the breast and nearby lymph nodes.

Despite the increase in treatment options during the past three decades, there is currently no cure for patients diagnosed with MBC and only 26.9% of patients survive for five years after diagnosis. Thus, the primary aim of treatment is to slow progression of the disease for as long as possible, improving, or at least maintaining, a patient’s quality of life.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, with an estimated 1.67 million new cases diagnosed worldwide in 2012 alone – one in four of all cancer cases. Approximately 30% of women who are diagnosed with early breast cancer will go on to develop advanced disease.

About BRCA Mutations
BRCA1 and BRCA2 are human genes that produce proteins responsible for repairing damaged DNA and play an important role maintaining the genetic stability of cells. When either of these genes is mutated, or altered, such that its protein product either is not made or does not function correctly, DNA damage may not be repaired properly and cells become unstable. As a result, cells are more likely to develop additional genetic alterations that can lead to cancer.

About Lynparza
Lynparza was the first in class PARP inhibitor and the first targeted treatment to potentially exploit DNA damage response (DDR) pathway deficiencies, such as BRCA mutations, to preferentially kill cancer cells. Specifically, in vitro studies have shown that Lynparza-induced cytotoxicity may involve inhibition of PARP-enzymatic activity and increased formation of PARP-DNA complexes, resulting in DNA damage and cancer cell death.
Lynparza, which has the broadest clinical development programme of any PARP inhibitor, is being investigated in a range of DDR-deficient tumour types, and is the foundation of AstraZeneca’s industry-leading portfolio of compounds targeting DDR mechanisms in cancer cells.
About the AstraZeneca and MSD Strategic Oncology Collaboration
In July 2017, AstraZeneca and Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, US, known as MSD outside the United States and Canada, announced a global strategic oncology collaboration to co-develop and co-commercialise Lynparza, the world’s first PARP inhibitor and potential new medicine selumetinib, a MEK inhibitor, for multiple cancer types. The collaboration is based on increasing evidence that PARP and MEK inhibitors can be combined with PD-L1/PD-1 inhibitors for a range of tumour types. Working together, the companies will develop Lynparza and selumetinib in combination with other potential new medicines and as a monotherapy. Independently, the companies will develop Lynparza and selumetinib in combination with their respective PD-L1 and PD-1 medicines.
About AstraZeneca in Oncology

AstraZeneca has a deep-rooted heritage in Oncology and offers a quickly growing portfolio of new medicines that has the potential to transform patients’ lives and the Company’s future. With at least six new medicines to be launched between 2014 and 2020 and a broad pipeline of small molecules and biologics in development, we are committed to advance Oncology as one of AstraZeneca’s Four Growth Platforms focused on lung, ovarian, breast and blood cancers. In addition to our core capabilities, we actively pursue innovative partnerships and investments that accelerate the delivery of our strategy as illustrated by our investment in Acerta Pharma in haematology.
By harnessing the power of four scientific platforms – Immuno-Oncology, Tumour Drivers and Resistance, DDR and Antibody Drug Conjugates – and by championing the development of personalised combinations, AstraZeneca has the vision to redefine cancer treatment and one day eliminate cancer as a cause of death.