On August 9, 2018 Aeglea BioTherapeutics, Inc. (NASDAQ:AGLE), a clinical-stage biotechnology company that designs and develops innovative human enzyme therapeutics for patients with rare genetic diseases and cancer, reported financial results for the second quarter ended June 30, 2018 (Press release, Aeglea BioTherapeutics, AUG 9, 2018, View Source [SID1234528707]).

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"We made good progress in the second quarter with our clinical programs, and we completed a follow-on financing that sets the stage for an exciting second half of the year," said Anthony G. Quinn, M.B Ch.B, Ph.D., president and chief executive officer of Aeglea. "We are looking forward to providing clinical updates at a number of medical conferences in the fall, including reporting the latest interim data from both our Arginase 1 Deficiency and cancer development programs. We also will provide updates on our clinical trial enrollment and our progress with one of our research enzyme programs, which we believe shows promise for treating the metabolic disorder homocystinuria."

"With the management team we now have in place, Aeglea is ready to take the next step in advancing therapies with the potential to improve the lives of patients with devastating diseases. I believe the Company is well positioned for future growth with our current pipeline programs and our expanded in-house drug-hunting capabilities," added Dr. Quinn.

Recent Highlights

In July, the Company’s Board of Directors named Anthony G. Quinn, M.B. Ch.B, Ph.D. as president and chief executive officer. Dr. Quinn has been a member of the Board of Directors since 2016 and had served as interim CEO since July 2017. Prior to joining Aeglea, Dr. Quinn served as executive vice president, head of research and development, and chief medical officer at Synageva Biopharma Corp., prior to its acquisition by Alexion Pharmaceuticals.
In July, the Company announced the appointment of Bryan Lawlis, Ph.D., as an independent director. Dr. Lawlis served as CEO of Itero Biopharmaceuticals, LLC from 2011 to 2017 and from 2007 to 2011 was co-founder and CEO of Itero Biopharmaceuticals, Inc. He is currently on the boards of Biomarin Pharmaceutical, Inc., Geron, Inc., and Coherus Biosciences, Inc.
Upcoming Events

Dr. Quinn will present a corporate update at the Wells Fargo Healthcare Conference being held September 5 – 6 in Boston, MA. Details regarding the date and time of the presentation and webcast will be announced before the conference.
Aeglea will present new interim Phase 1/2 clinical trial data demonstrating clinically relevant treatment effects in patients with Arginase 1 Deficiency at the 2018 Society for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism (SSIEM) Annual Symposium being held September 4 – 7 in Athens, Greece.
Title: Improvements in Arginase 1 Deficiency-related disease manifestations following plasma arginine reduction with pegzilarginase
Poster #P-164
Presentation Date/Time: Wednesday, September 5 at 5:45 p.m. – 8:30 p.m. EET and Thursday, September 6 at 12:15 p.m. – 1:15 p.m. EET
Aeglea will deliver three poster presentations detailing clinical and preclinical data at the American Society of Human Genetics (ASHG) 2018 Annual Meeting being held October 16 – 20 in San Diego, California (schedule details to be announced):
Interim Phase 1/2 clinical trial data for the treatment of Arginase 1 Deficiency that will include additional clinical insights from recently enrolled adult and pediatric patients, as well as from longer-term dosing in previously enrolled patients
Title: Improvements in Arginase 1 Deficiency-related disease manifestations following plasma arginine reduction with pegzilarginase: early Phase 2 results
The effects of a novel homocysteine degrading enzyme in a preclinical model of homocystinuria.
Title: Improved survival and amelioration of disease-related liver pathology in a mouse model of homocystinuria with a novel homocysteine degrading enzyme
Summary of disease manifestation in Arginase 1 Deficiency case reports from scientific literature
Title: Clinical features of Arginase 1 Deficiency: Review of Literature Case Series
Aeglea will present interim Phase 1 advanced solid tumor clinical trial data on melanoma expansion cohorts at the 2018 European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) (Free ESMO Whitepaper) Annual Congress being held October 19 – 23 in Munich, Germany.
Title: Initial cohort expansion results of sustained arginine depletion with pegzilarginase in melanoma patients in a Phase 1 advanced solid tumor trial
Abstract #1269P
Presentation Date/Time: Sunday, October 21 at 1:35 p.m. – 2:35 p.m. CEST
Second Quarter 2018 Financial Results

As of June 30, 2018, Aeglea had available cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities of $72.2 million, which includes $37.7 million in net proceeds from a follow-on public offering that closed in April 2018. Based on Aeglea’s current operating plan, management believes it has sufficient capital resources to fund anticipated operations to the middle of 2020.

Aeglea recognized grant revenues of $2.4 million in the second quarter of 2018, compared with $1.5 million in the second quarter of 2017. The grant revenues were the result of a $19.8 million research grant received from the Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas (CPRIT). The revenue increase was primarily due to higher qualifying expenditures associated with the clinical trials for pegzilarginase in cancer patients in the second quarter of 2018 compared with the second quarter of 2017. Additionally, the grant contract ended in May 2018 with the full $19.8 million grant recognized as revenue over the life of the award. As of June 30, 2018, Aeglea had a remaining grant receivable totaling $4.3 million.

Research and development expenses totaled $9.1 million for the second quarter of 2018, compared with $5.8 million for the second quarter of 2017. The increase was primarily due to expanded clinical activity for Aeglea’s lead product candidate, pegzilarginase, as Aeglea advanced a Phase 1/2 clinical trial in patients with Arginase 1 Deficiency and initiated single-agent cohort expansions in a Phase 1 clinical trial for advanced solid tumor patients and a Phase 1/2 combination trial in patients with small cell lung cancer.

General and administrative expenses totaled $2.9 million for the second quarter of 2018, compared with $2.4 million in the second quarter of 2017. This increase was primarily due to additional employee compensation costs related to the building out of Aeglea’s management team as well as to support expanding research and development activities. Non-cash stock compensation expense accounted for $0.2 million of the increase.

Net loss totaled $9.4 million and $6.6 million for the second quarter of 2018 and 2017, respectively, with non-cash stock compensation expense of $1.0 million and $0.7 million for the second quarter of 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Inducement Grants Under Nasdaq Listing Rule 5635(c)(4)

Aeglea also announced today that the Compensation Committee of its Board of Directors has granted non-qualified stock options to purchase an aggregate of 2,400 shares of Aeglea’s common stock to two new employees under Aeglea’s 2018 Equity Inducement Plan.

The 2018 Equity Inducement Plan is used exclusively for the grant of equity awards to individuals who were not previously an employee or non-employee director of Aeglea (or following a bona fide period of non-employment), as an inducement material to such individual’s entering into employment with Aeglea, pursuant to Rule 5635(c)(4) of the NASDAQ Listing Rules.

The options have an exercise price of $8.98 per share, which is equal to the closing price of Aeglea’s common stock on August 7, 2018. Each of the option awards vests as to 25% of the shares on the one-year anniversary of its grant, with the remainder of the shares vesting ratably over 36 months thereafter.

About Pegzilarginase in Arginase 1 Deficiency

Pegzilarginase is an enhanced human arginase that enzymatically degrades the amino acid arginine. Aeglea is developing pegzilarginase for the treatment of patients with Arginase 1 Deficiency, a debilitating urea cycle disorder caused by deficiency of a key arginine metabolizing enzyme that leads to severe and progressive hyperargininemia-related neurological abnormalities, hyperammonemia and early mortality. Pegzilarginase is intended for use as an enzyme replacement therapy in patients to reduce elevated blood arginine levels. The Company’s interim Phase 1/2 data demonstrated clinically relevant treatment effects and rapid and sustained lowering of plasma arginine in Arginase 1 Deficiency patients.

About Pegzilarginase in Cancer

Pegzilarginase is an enhanced human arginase that enzymatically degrades the amino acid arginine. In some cancers, tumor cells stop producing specific amino acids and must acquire them from the blood, making the tumor cells susceptible to starvation through depletion of those amino acids. Aeglea is developing pegzilarginase to exploit vulnerabilities in some cancers that lead to an increased dependency on extracellular arginine. Pegzilarginase targets these arginine dependent cancers by depleting blood arginine levels to below the normal range. Preclinical data demonstrated that the resulting arginine starvation inhibits proliferation, induces cell death, increases turnover of cell components and promotes anti-tumor immune responses. The Company’s Phase 1 data in advanced solid tumors demonstrated that pegzilarginase was well tolerated at doses that produced marked and sustained reductions in blood arginine levels below the normal range.

On August 8, 2018 Sangamo Therapeutics, Inc. (NASDAQ: SGMO) reported second quarter 2018 financial results and recent accomplishments (Press release, Sangamo Therapeutics, AUG 8, 2018, View Source [SID1234528535]).

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"In the first half of 2018 we made strong progress on important initiatives including our clinical development programs and execution of a significant collaboration with Kite-Gilead for the use of ZFNs for engineered cell therapies in oncology," said Sandy Macrae, CEO of Sangamo. "More recently, with our proposed acquisition of TxCell, we have the opportunity to seize a leadership position in the development of gene-edited cell therapies for immunological diseases, one of our therapeutic areas of focus for our proprietary pipeline."

Macrae continued: "Today we announced positive preliminary data from the Alta clinical trial evaluating SB-525 gene therapy for hemophilia A. These are the first efficacy data from our clinical programs using AAV6. We are looking forward to the September 5th SSIEM presentation of preliminary data from the CHAMPIONS Study evaluating SB-913, our in vivo genome editing candidate for MPS II."

Recent Highlights
Corporate

Announced the proposed acquisition of TxCell, positioning Sangamo as a leader in CAR-Treg development
Appointed Karen Smith, M.D., Ph.D., to the Board of Directors, and Edward Rebar, Ph.D., as Senior Vice President and Chief Technology Officer
Clinical

Today announced positive preliminary data from the Phase 1/2 Alta Study evaluating SB-525 gene therapy for hemophilia A
Treated the fifth and sixth patients in the SB-913 Phase 1/2 CHAMPIONS Study for MPS II
Treated the first patient in the SB-318 Phase 1/2 EMPOWERS Study for MPS I
Received Clinical Trial Authorisation (CTA) in the U.K. for enrollment of subjects into ongoing Phase 1/2 clinical trials evaluating SB-318 and SB-913
Enrolled the first patient in the Phase 1/2 Thales Study evaluating ST-400 gene-edited cell therapy for the treatment of beta-thalassemia
Research

Delivered three oral and four poster presentations during the 21st Annual Meeting of the American Society of Gene & Cell Therapy (ASGCT) (Free ASGCT Whitepaper) held in Chicago, IL from May 16-19, 2018
Second Quarter Ended June 30, 2018 Financial Results
For the second quarter ended June 30, 2018, Sangamo reported a consolidated net loss of $16.6 million, or $0.17 per share, compared to a net loss of $12.5 million, or $0.17 per share, for the same period in 2017. As of June 30, 2018, the Company had cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities and interest receivable of $574.2 million.

Revenues for the second quarter ended June 30, 2018 were $21.4 million, compared to $8.3 million for the same period in 2017. The increase in revenues was primarily related to the collaborations and licensing agreements with Pfizer, for hemophilia A, and Kite, a Gilead company, for gene-edited cell therapies for oncology. Second quarter 2018 revenues were primarily generated from Sangamo’s collaboration agreements with Kite, Pfizer and Bioverativ, a Sanofi company.

Total operating expenses for the second quarter ended June 30, 2018 were $40.6 million, compared to $21.0 million for the same period in 2017. Research and development expenses were $29.3 million for the second quarter ended June 30, 2018, compared to $15.0 million for the same period in 2017. The increase was primarily due to clinical and manufacturing expenses in support of current clinical studies and investment in dedicated manufacturing capacity. General and administrative expenses were $11.3 million for the second quarter ended June 30, 2018, compared to $6.0 million for the same period in 2017. The increase was primarily due to salaries and related costs and other professional fees in support of overall Company growth.

Financial Guidance for 2018
Sangamo will provide updated guidance on expected operating expenses in future quarterly reporting periods. The Company updates cash guidance as follows:

Cash and Investments: Sangamo expects a December 31, 2018 balance of cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities and interest receivable of at least $380 million. This anticipated cash balance is inclusive of research funding from existing collaborators and recent financings.
Conference Call
Sangamo will host a conference call today, August 8, 2018, at 5:00 p.m. ET, which will be open to the public. The call will also be webcast live and can be accessed via a link on the Sangamo Therapeutics website in the Investors and Media section under Events and Presentations.

The conference call dial-in numbers are (877) 377-7553 for domestic callers and (678) 894-3968 for international callers. The conference ID number for the call is 7179826. For those unable to listen in at the designated time, a conference call replay will be available for one week following the conference call, from approximately 8:00 p.m. ET on August 8, 2018 to 11:59 p.m. ET on August 15, 2018. The conference call replay numbers for domestic and international callers are (855) 859-2056 and (404) 537-3406, respectively. The conference ID number for the replay is 7179826.

On August 8, 2018 Rocket Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (NASDAQ:RCKT) ("Rocket"), a leading U.S.-based multi-platform gene therapy company, reported financial results for the quarter ended June 30, 2018, and provided an update on the Company’s recent achievements, as well as upcoming milestones (Press release, Rocket Pharmaceuticals, AUG 8, 2018, View Source [SID1234528551]).

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"Rocket made significant progress on our clinical, regulatory and corporate initiatives in the second quarter," said Gaurav Shah, M.D., Chief Executive Officer and President of Rocket. "We are pleased with the positive clinical data from our FA program that were presented at ASGCT (Free ASGCT Whitepaper) and look forward to additional data over the next 12-18 months. The momentum has continued with recent regulatory designations for FA, including Rare Pediatric Disease from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product (ATMP) by the European Medicines Agency (EMA). These positive steps set the stage nicely for a global registrational study in 2019."

"Our additional gene therapy pipeline programs for devastating rare diseases remain on track. These include our products for Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency-I (LAD-I), Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency (PKD) and our undisclosed adeno-associated viral vector (AAV) program. We expect to disclose the indication and share preclinical data from our AAV program later this year, and clinical data on up two programs in 2019. Our progress to date has been a true collaboration between the Rocket team, our partners, physicians, and the patients we serve. We look forward to meeting the milestones ahead."

Recent Pipeline and Corporate Updates

Rare Pediatric Disease Designation for FA. In July 2018, the Company was notified that it received Rare Pediatric Disease designation from the FDA for RP-L102 for the treatment of FA Type A. The FDA defines a "rare pediatric disease" as a serious and life-threatening disease that affects less than 200,000 people in the U.S. that are aged between birth to 18 years. The Rare Pediatric Disease designation program allows for a Sponsor who receives an approval for a product to potentially qualify for a voucher that can be redeemed to receive a priority review of a subsequent marketing application for a different product.
Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product Classification for FA. In June 2018, the Company was notified that the EMA classified RP-L102 as an ATMP. The ATMP classification recognizes and defines medicines for human use that are considered gene-, tissue- or cell-based therapies. The key benefit of ATMP classification is the early involvement and guidance from the EMA’s Committee of Advanced Therapies, which is the regulatory reviewing body for gene therapies.
Phase 1/2 data of RP-L102 in FA shows promising engraftment and chromosomal stability leading to improved bone marrow functionality. At the ASGCT (Free ASGCT Whitepaper) Annual Meeting in May 2018, updated data from the ongoing Phase 1/2 clinical trial of RP-L102 was presented and included data from four patients that have been followed for 12-24 months and a fifth patient, treated with transduction-enhanced RP-L102, that was followed for two months. All patients demonstrated continued improvement in engraftment following administration of RP-L102 with sustained phenotypic reversals and earlier evidence of gene correction seen in higher-dosed patients. The progressive increases of corrected versus non-corrected peripheral blood leukocytes indicate the potential of RP-L102 to restore the functionality of bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells. The one patient that received transduction enhanced RP-L102 showed the highest transduction efficiency seen to date in all five patients treated, with a preliminary drug product vector copy number (VCN) of ~2.5 – 3, and a cell dose considered below the threshold level of 500,000K CD34+/kg. Rocket plans to engage with regulatory authorities to progress RP-L102 towards a potential global registrational study in 2019.
Stanford University research collaboration. In May 2018, Rocket and the Stanford University School of Medicine announced a strategic collaboration to support the advancement of FA and PKD gene therapy research. Under the terms of the collaboration agreement, Stanford will serve as a lead clinical trial research center in the U.S. for the planned FA registrational trial and would also be the lead site for PKD clinical trials. The project will also separately evaluate the potential for non-myeloablative, non-genotoxic antibody-based conditioning regimens as a future development possibility that may be applied across bone marrow-derived disorders.
Strengthened management team with addition of former FDA Director of the Office of Orphan Products Development (OOPD). Gayatri R. Rao, M.D., J.D., was appointed Vice President, Regulatory Policy and Patient Advocacy, in May 2018. Dr. Rao most recently served as Director of the OOPD within the FDA for the last five years where she was responsible for implementing statutory programs focused on promoting the development of medical products for rare diseases. In her new role at Rocket, Dr. Rao will support the development of global regulatory policies and strategies, patient advocacy initiatives, and rare disease natural history studies.
Anticipated Milestones

Preclinical data and disclosure of the AAV-based gene therapy program (4Q18)
Investigational Medicinal Product Dossier (IMPD) filing in Spain for the LAD-I program (4Q18)
IMPD filing in Spain for the PKD program (Early 2019)
Additional FA patient data (Next 12-18 months)
Investigational New Drug (IND) application filing in the U.S. for the AAV-based program (2019)
IND application filing in the U.S. for the FA program (2019)
September Conferences

Citi’s 13th Annual Biotech Conference – September 5-6, 2018 in Boston, MA
Morgan Stanley 16th Annual Global Healthcare Conference – September 12-14, 2018 in New York, NY
Oppenheimer Specialty Pharma & Rare Disease Fall Summit – September 25-26 in New York, NY
Jefferies Gene Therapy and Editing Summit – September 27, 2018 in New York, NY
Second Quarter 2018 Financial Results

Cash position. Cash, cash equivalents and investments as of June 30, 2018, were $171.5 million, which includes a $52.0 million fully convertible debenture which expires in 2021.
R&D expenses. Research and development expenses were $10.8 million and $16.5 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, compared to $2.8 million and $5.1 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017.
G&A expenses. General and administrative expenses were $4.1 million and $12.8 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, compared to $0.7 million and $1.3 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017.
Net loss. Net loss was $15.8 million and $31.1 million or $(0.40) and $(0.82) per share (basic and diluted) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, compared to $3.3 million and $6.2 million or $(0.49) and $(0.91) per share (basic and diluted) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017.
Shares outstanding. Approximately 39.5 million shares of common stock were outstanding as of June 30, 2018.
Financial Guidance

Cash position. Based on its current operating plan, Rocket expects its cash, cash equivalents and investments as of June 30, 2018, will be sufficient to run its operations into 2020.

On August 8, 2018 EdiGene Inc., which develops genome editing technologies into novel therapeutics for a broad range of diseases and into creative solutions to advance drug discovery, reported the successful completion of approximately $15 Million in a Series pre-B financing (Press release, EdiGene, AUG 8, 2018, View Source [SID1234528577]).

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The financing is led by new investor Lilly Asia Ventures (LAV). New investor HuagaiCapital participated in this round. Series A lead investor IDG Capital, Series A investor WI Harper Group and other insiders also participated in this round.

"This investment will allow us to continue advancing ourpromising portfolio of therapeutic programs based on gene-editing technologies," said Dr. Dong Wei, CEO of EdiGene, "In addition, we will continue to further develop our proprietary High Throughput Genome Screening platforms into a comprehensive solution for our partners in key areas such as drug sensitivity, drug resistance and synthetic lethality."

"We are excited to invest in EdiGene," said Dr. Fei Chen, Managing Partner of Lilly Asia Ventures, "Gene editing is bringing evolutional breakthrough to drug discovery and potential clinical therapeutics, and we are pleased to collaborate with EdiGene team and to support EdiGene’s growth in the global market."

"This new round of financing led by Lilly Asia Ventures with participation of new and existing investors further validates the progress we have made and the potential of our platforms," said Dr. Wensheng Wei, founder of EdiGene. "Now we arewell positioned to further advance our pipeline and get one step closer to help patients with our technologies. We look forward to working with Lilly Asia Ventures and other investors for the years to come."

On August 8, 2018 Scholar Rock (NASDAQ:SRRK), a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on the treatment of serious diseases in which protein growth factors play a fundamental role, reported financial results for the second quarter ended June 30, 2018 and highlighted recent progress and upcoming milestones for its pipeline programs (Press release, Scholar Rock, AUG 8, 2018, View Source [SID1234528841]).

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"Scholar Rock made transformative progress in the second quarter with the successful completion of our IPO and the initiation of the Company’s first clinical trial," said Nagesh Mahanthappa, Ph.D, President and CEO of Scholar Rock. "We are well-positioned to continue to progress SRK-015 and build our pipeline of future product candidates focused on addressing neuromuscular disorders, cancer, fibrosis, and anemia. We plan to initiate a Phase 2 proof-of-concept study of SRK-015 to improve muscle function in patients with later-onset spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) in the first quarter of 2019."

Key Business and Clinical Highlights

Successfully Completed IPO. In May 2018, Scholar Rock successfully completed an initial public offering (IPO) of 6,164,000 shares of common stock, inclusive of the full exercise of the over-allotment option by the underwriters, raising gross proceeds of approximately $86.3 million.

Initiated Enrollment and Dosing in Multiple-Ascending Dose Portion of Phase 1 Clinical Trial for SRK-015. SRK-015 is a selective inhibitor of the activation of myostatin and was granted Orphan Drug Designation (ODD) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of SMA in March 2018. A placebo-controlled, double-blind Phase 1 clinical trial was initiated in May 2018 to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of single- and multiple-ascending doses of intravenous SRK-015 in healthy adult volunteers. Dosing has completed in the single-ascending dose portion of the study and has advanced to the multiple-ascending dose portion of the study.
Upcoming Milestones

On Track to Initiate Phase 2 Proof-of-Concept Study for SRK-015 in SMA in the First Quarter of 2019. Pending supporting safety data from the Phase 1 clinical trial, Scholar Rock plans to initiate a Phase 2 proof-of-concept study in the first quarter of 2019 to evaluate the safety and efficacy of SRK-015 in patients with later-onset SMA (Type 2 and Type 3) as a monotherapy or in conjunction with an approved survival motor neuron (SMN) upregulator therapy as background standard of care.

Identify Second Indication for SRK-015 in the First Half of 2019. Scholar Rock is actively assessing numerous preclinical models in which the selective inhibition of the activation of myostatin may offer therapeutic benefit. Scholar Rock intends to identify a second indication for SRK-015 in the first half of 2019.

Nominate Product Candidate for TGFβ1 Program by the End of the First Half of 2019. Scholar Rock’s second antibody program is focused on the discovery and development of highly specific inhibitors of the activation of TGFβ1. Scholar Rock is progressing its evaluation of a number of selective inhibitors in multiple disease models and intends to nominate a product candidate and first indication in oncology, immuno-oncology or fibrosis by the end of the first half of 2019.
Second Quarter 2018 Financial Results

Net loss for the quarter ended June 30, 2018 was $14.7 million or $1.39 per share compared to a net loss of $5.9 million or $3.67 per unit for the same quarter last year.

Research and development expense was $11.4 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2018, compared to $4.7 million in the same quarter in 2017. The $6.7 million increase year-over-year was primarily attributable to development and manufacturing costs associated with our lead product candidate, SRK-015, as well as employee costs related to increased headcount.

General and administrative expense was $3.5 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2018, compared to $1.2 million in the same quarter in 2017. The $2.3 million increase year-over-year was mainly due to increased headcount and higher professional and consulting fees associated with ongoing business activities and operating as a public company.
As of June 30, 2018, Scholar Rock had cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities of $115.1 million, compared to $58.0 million at the end of 2017. The cash balance is inclusive of the approximately $77.8 million in net proceeds from its IPO in May 2018. Scholar Rock believes the cash balance will be sufficient to fund operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements into the second half of 2020.