On March 21, 2019 GlaxoSmithKline plc (LSE/NYSE: GSK) reported further positive data from the DREAMM-1 study of patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma who received GSK2857916, an investigational anti-B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) antibody-drug conjugate (Press release, GlaxoSmithKline, MAR 21, 2019, View Source [SID1234534544]). These results, published in Blood Cancer Journal (link) build upon results from the pre-specified interim analysis, which were first presented at the American Society of Haematology Congress in 2017.
These new data confirm that 60% of patients receiving GSK2857916 achieved an overall response rate (ORR). This ORR was identical to the rate previously reported in the interim analysis, after more than a year of follow-up, and demonstrates not only the potential efficacy of the medicine but the durability and depth of response. The number of patients achieving a complete response increased to 15% over this additional one year follow-up period. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 12 months (95% CI [3.1-Not Estimable/NE]), an increase from the previously reported 7.9 months PFS. The median duration of response in the final analysis was 14.3 months (95% CI [10.6-NE]). All patients whose data were reported in the interim analysis were included in this analysis.
Dr Hal Barron, Chief Scientific Officer and President, R&D, GSK, commented, "These data are very encouraging and I am excited by what they could mean for people living with multiple myeloma. We are aggressively advancing this potential new medicine and plan to have pivotal data to support its filing by the end of this year."
A total of 35 patients were enrolled in Part 2 of the DREAMM-1 study independent of their BCMA expression levels. Amongst those heavily pre-treated patients not previously treated with the anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody, daratumumab, the ORR was 71% (95% CI [47.8%,88.7%]) with a mPFS of 15.7 months, (95% CI [2.3-NE]). In those patients who had previously been treated with daratumumab, the ORR was 38.5%; (95% CI [13.9-68.4]) with a mPFS of 7.9 months (95% CI [2.3-NE]).
No new safety signals were identified during this treatment period. The most commonly reported adverse events were thrombocytopenia (63%), blurred vision (51%), cough (40%), which were mostly mild or moderate (Grade 1 or 2). The most commonly reported Grade 3 or 4 adverse events were thrombocytopenia (35%) and anemia (17%) and were found to be manageable.
Paul Giusti, President and Chief Executive Officer of the Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation (MMRF), said, "Significant advancements have been made in our knowledge, understanding and the treatment of multiple myeloma in the past decade, but there is so much more that we as a community need to do to accelerate better outcomes and quality of life for patients. Relapses are particularly challenging, so the need for treatment advances is a priority at the MMRF to ensure our patients can benefit from them in the future. We are encouraged by the results from this early study, and we look forward to seeing additional data later this year."
Multiple myeloma is the second most common blood cancer in the United States[i] and is generally considered treatable but not curable. Multiple myeloma commonly becomes refractory to available treatments, so research into new treatments is vital.
In 2017, GSK2857916 was awarded Breakthrough Therapy designation from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and PRIME designation from the European Medicines Agency; these designations are intended to facilitate development of investigational medicines that have shown clinical promise for conditions where there is significant unmet need.
About the DREAMM-1 study (NCT02064387)
DREAMM-1 is a first-in-human, open-label study of GSK2857916 to investigate the safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, immunogenicity and clinical activity of the antibody drug conjugate GSK2857916 in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma and other advanced haematologic malignancies expressing BCMA. The primary objective is safety; additional objectives include: response rate, pharmacokinetics and immunogenicity. The study consists of two parts: a dose escalation phase in which patients received GSK2857916 at escalating doses and a dose expansion phase in which all patients received GSK2857916 at the recommended phase 2 dose.
About B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA)
The normal function of BCMA is to promote plasma cell survival by transduction of signals from two known ligands, BAFF and APRIL. This pathway has been shown to be important for myeloma cell growth and survival. BCMA expression is limited to B cells at later stages of development. BCMA is expressed at varying levels in myeloma patients and BCMA membrane expression is universally detected in myeloma cell lines[iii].
About the DREAMM Clinical Trial Programme for GSK2857916 (GSK’916)
GSK2857916 is an antibody-drug conjugate comprising a humanised anti-B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) monoclonal antibody conjugated to the cytotoxic agent auristatin F via non-cleavable linker. The drug linker technology is licensed from Seattle Genetics; monoclonal antibody is produced using technology licensed from BioWa.
GSK’916 is currently in clinical development in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma and other advanced haematologic malignancies expressing BCMA.
Trial Name
GSK ID/NCT ID
Status
Design
DREAMM-1
117159/ NCT02064387
Completed
DREAMM-2
205678/NCT03525678
Ongoing; recruitment complete
A Study to Investigate the Efficacy and Safety of Two Doses of GSK’916 in Subjects With Multiple Myeloma Who Have Failed Prior Treatment With an Anti-CD38 Antibody
DREAMM-3
207495
Planned
A Phase III Open-Label, Randomized Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of GSK’916 Compared to Pomalidomide plus low-dose Dexamethasone (Pom/Dex) in Participants with Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma
DREAMM-4
205207/NCT03848845
Recruiting
A Phase I/II Single Arm Open-Label Study to Explore Safety and Clinical Activity of GSK’916 Administered in Combination With Pembrolizumab in Subjects With Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma
DREAMM-5
208887
Planned
A Phase I/II, Randomized, Open-label Platform Study of GSK’916 with Innovative Combination Anti-Cancer Treatments in Participants with Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma
DREAMM-6
207497/NCT03544281
Recruiting
Evaluate Safety, Tolerability, and Clinical Activity of GSK’916 Administered in Combination With Lenalidomide Plus Dexamethasone (Arm A), or in Combination With Bortezomib Plus Dexamethasone (Arm B) in Subjects With Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma
DREAMM-7
207503
Planned
Phase III study of GSK’916, bortezomib, and dexamethasone versus daratumumab, bortezomib, and dexamethasone in participants with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma
DREAMM-8
207499
Planned
A Phase III, Multicenter, Open-Label, Randomized Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of GSK’916 in Combination with Pomalidomide and Low-Dose Dexamethasone (GSK’916+Pd) versus Pomalidomide plus Bortezomib and Low-Dose Dexamethasone (PVd) in Participants with Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma
DREAMM-9
209664
Planned
A phase III study of GSK916 + Standard of Care (SOC) vs. SOC in first line transplant ineligible multiple myeloma patients
DREAMM-10
207500
Planned
‘916+novel agent vs SOC
GSK2857916 is not currently approved for use anywhere in the world.
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