On September 10, 2003 Antisoma, the biopharmaceutical company specialising in novel anti-cancer drugs, reported that it has in-licensed a programme of telomerase inhibitors from Cancer Research Technology Ltd, the technology transfer arm of the charity Cancer Research UK (Press release, Cancer Research Technology, SEP 10, 2003, View Source [SID1234523458]). This programme was developed by Professor Stephen Neidle, working first at the Institute of Cancer Research and more recently at the University of London School of Pharmacy. Under the licensing agreement, Antisoma has obtained rights to a number of existing molecules and an option on further telomerase inhibitors generated by Professor Neidle’s group over the next three years.

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Telomeres are the protective regions found at the ends of chromosomes (the structures into which the genetic material, DNA, is packaged in each cell of the human body). In normal cells, telomeres act as a ‘life clock’, shortening slightly each time the cell divides. Once the telomeres fall below a critical length, the cell undergoes the self-destruct process known as apoptosis or programmed cell death. This is part of the natural process of cellular ageing and removal of old cells to be replaced by new ones. Cancer cells make an enzyme called telomerase that allows them to maintain their telomeres at a length just sufficient to avoid entering the self-destruct pathway. Telomerase thus enables cancer cells to divide continually and indefinitely, a property fundamental to the progression of the disease. By blocking the action of this enzyme, telomerase inhibitors can prevent the maintenance of telomeres and force cancer cells into apoptosis.

Glyn Edwards, CEO of Antisoma, said ‘Telomerase inhibitors have the potential for broad application against both solid and blood cancers because the telomerase enzyme is important to all types of cancer cell. This programme is an excellent addition to our preclinical portfolio.’

On August 6, 2003 Cancer Research Technology Ltd. (CRT), the technology transfer arm of the charity Cancer Research UK, and the technology transfer agent for the Netherlands Cancer Institute (NCI) in Amsterdam, reported that it recently entered into a license agreement granting GlaxoSmithKline exclusive worldwide rights to CRT’s Patent Application WO 00/69390 (the Patent) (Press release, Cancer Research Technology, AUG 6, 2003, View Source [SID1234523460]). The Patent covers technology relating to a novel target that enhances the oral bioavailability of certain cytotoxic oncology drugs, including topotecan. The terms of the Agreement remain confidential.

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The Patent was initially filed by the NCI and is based upon the work of Professor Jan Schellens and Dr Alfred Schinkel. They showed that inhibition of a transporter protein from the family of transporters containing known multi-drug resistance proteins, could also be targeted to enhance the uptake of oncology drugs such as topotecan when orally administered.

Cancer Research Technology stated that it was happy to act as a conduit for the development of this important finding and hopes the Patent’s technology will eventually bring benefit to cancer patients worldwide. CRT initially undertook to cover the costs of the patent prosecution while the technology was being developed and CRT looked for a suitable commercial licensee.

On July 29, 2003 Cancer Research Technology and Alnylam Pharmaceuticals Inc. reported exclusive license to patent application WO 01/36646 ‘Inhibiting gene expression with dsRNA’ for therapeutic applications (Press release, Cancer Research Technology, JUL 29, 2003, View Source [SID1234523462]).

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Cancer Research Technology Limited (CRT) and Alnylam Pharmaceuticals Inc. announce today the execution of an exclusive license in the field of human therapeutics for CRT’s key RNA interference (RNAi) patent application ‘Inhibiting gene expression with dsRNA’ (WO 01/36646). The terms of the license have not been disclosed.

CRT CEO Harpal Kumar stated that ‘Alnylam is well positioned to develop RNAi therapeutics. This license should enable the application of this exciting platform technology to therapeutics, with the long term aim of benefiting patients. This license supplements CRT’s nonexclusive licensing strategy in the field of target validation, and the existing license we have in place for the pSUPER RNAi vector with DNAengine’.

Patent application WO 01/36646 is based on the pioneering research of Dr. Magdalena Zernicka-Goetz and colleagues (Dr. Florence Wianny, Professors David Glover and Martin Evans) at the University of Cambridge (UK), who demonstrated RNAi-mediated inhibition of endogenous genes in mammalian cells.

CRT is the holder of two key patent applications in the field of RNAi. CRT’s RNAi patent applications, together branded the SUPER RNAiTM System, are available for licensing on a nonexclusive basis in the fields of target validation and drug discovery.
The second patent filing from CRT covers pSUPER, a vector for long-term expression of RNAi effectors in mammalian cells, developed at the Netherlands Cancer Institute (Amsterdam) in the group of Professor Rene Bernards.

Several pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies are working with CRT towards generating RNAi-based systems to meet the current demands of the industry for higher throughput analysis of mammalian gene function and rapid production of disease models to aid drug discovery. In addition, in association with CRT, Cancer Research UK is cofunding development of a library of pSUPER vectors expressing short interfering RNA targeted against cancer genes, which is under development at the Netherlands Cancer Institute.

On May 21, 2003 Cancer Research Technology Ltd. (CRT), the technology transfer arm of the charity Cancer Research UK, and the University of Newcastle, both based in the UK, reported to recently disclose that a new alliance with the US and UK-based biotechnology company OSI Pharmaceuticals (UK) had recently commenced and was expected to accelerate the validation of certain new targets for cancer therapeutic intervention (Press release, Cancer Research Technology, MAY 21, 2003, View Source [SID1234523463]).

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This exciting collaboration will enable the development of selective and potent modulators of protein acetylation and evaluate their potential as inhibitors of tumour cell growth. Furthermore, the co-funded research programme may also enable the discovery and validation of other targets against which new drugs can be screened in the fight against cancer.

The research funding that had enabled developments in this field at the University of Newcastle to progress to this stage predominantly stemmed from Cancer Research UK who are continuing to support the programme. CRT was happy to act on Cancer Research UK’s behalf to secure the fast track development of this exciting work regarding the potential discovery of new compounds with a partner who has a proven track record of taking such compounds that act on new cancer-specific signal transduction pathways in to the clinic.

Such a collaboration may help scientists to understand why certain cancer patients become resistant to currently available therapies.

On November 18, 2002 Cancer Research Technology Limited ("CRT") and the University of Cambridge (UK) reported a collaboration with Cyclacel Limited and a top 5 Pharmaceutical company to develop tools for target validation and drug discovery based on the technique of RNA interference (Press release, Cancer Research Technology, NOV 18, 2002, View Source [SID1234523466]).

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The term RNA interference ("RNAi") describes the cellular response to double-stranded RNA that results in sequence-driven gene specific silencing. Originally established as an important tool for functional genomics in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster, the potential for this technology was recently recognised in higher eukaryotes. In late 1999, Dr. Magdalena Zernicka-Goetz and colleagues (Dr. Florence Wianny, Professors David Glover and Martin Evans) at the University of Cambridge (UK) provided the first definitive demonstration of RNAi-mediated inhibition of endogenous genes in mammalian cells. This work in oocytes and early stage embryos sparked a flurry of research in the area, culminating recently in the use of short interfering double stranded RNA (siRNA) to achieve knockdown of a wide range of mammalian genes, and the development of specific vectors to express these effectors.

There are a number of published patents on techniques for performing RNAi, and undoubtedly more applications in the pipeline. CRT is the holder of two key patent applications in the field, one of which relates to the work of Dr. Zernicka-Goetz and colleagues. The second patent filing from CRT covers pSUPER, a vector for long-term expression of RNAi effectors in mammalian cells, developed at the Netherlands Cancer Institute (Amsterdam) in the group of Professor Rene Bernards. CRT is offering licenses to this portfolio of intellectual property, branded the SUPER RNAiTM System, for target validation, drug discovery and therapeutics. Several pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies are working with CRT towards generating RNAi-based systems to meet the current demands of the industry for higher throughput analysis of mammalian gene function and rapid production of disease models to aid drug discovery. In addition, CRT is exploring the potential for a new class of therapeutics, using RNAi for the inhibition of genes that are aberrantly expressed in cancers.

The collaboration announced today is funded in part by Cancer Research UK. The partners aim to build on the pioneering work in the Cambridge laboratory, and the recent exciting discoveries in the field, to establish RNAi as a viable tool for transient or persistent gene knockdown in mammalian cells and whole animals (e.g. the mouse). The successful development and optimisation of RNAi in mammalian systems will facilitate gene analysis in the academic laboratory, meanwhile use of this technology for commercial target validation and drug development will accelerate the gene-to-drug process.