On August 27, 2024 Astellas Pharma Inc. (TSE: 4503, President and CEO: Naoki Okamura, "Astellas") reported that the European Commission has granted Marketing Authorization for PADCEV (enfortumab vedotin, an antibody-drug conjugate [ADC]) in combination with KEYTRUDA (pembrolizumab, a PD-1 inhibitor) for the first-line treatment of adult patients with unresectable or metastatic urothelial cancer, who are eligible for platinum-containing chemotherapy (Press release, Astellas Pharma, AUG 27, 2024, View Source [SID1234646114]).
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The approval is based on results from the Phase 3 EV-302 clinical trial (also known as KEYNOTE-A39) which showed that enfortumab vedotin in combination with pembrolizumab nearly doubled median overall survival (OS) and significantly extended progression-free survival (PFS) compared to platinum-containing chemotherapy.1
Dr. Thomas Powles, Barts Cancer Institute Biomedical Research Centre, UK
"Having an effective new first-line treatment for advanced urothelial cancer is opening a long-awaited new chapter in the management of this usually fatal disease. The impressive effects of the treatment combination were clearly seen during the Phase 3 clinical trial program, with enfortumab vedotin in combination with pembrolizumab significantly extending overall survival and progression-free survival compared to platinum-containing chemotherapy. I look forward to seeing the treatment combination implemented as a first-line regimen in the clinical setting."
Alex Filicevas, Executive Director, World Bladder Cancer Patient Coalition
"Despite Europe having the highest reported rates of new bladder cancer cases in the world, awareness remains low, resulting in many patients only being correctly diagnosed at the stage of advanced disease. New treatment options are desperately needed to improve disease outcomes for these patients and provide hope for a better future for the whole bladder cancer patient community."
Ahsan Arozullah, MD, MPH, Senior Vice President and Head of Oncology Development, Astellas
"In line with the recent updates to European clinical guidelines, we are delighted that the European Commission has approved enfortumab vedotin in combination with pembrolizumab as first-line treatment for patients with unresectable or metastatic urothelial cancer. This approval is testament to our ongoing partnership with clinical trial investigators, study participants and their families, and the broader bladder cancer community. We look forward to patients across the European Union gaining benefit from this combination early in their treatment journey."
Bladder cancer is the fifth most commonly diagnosed cancer across the European region.2 Every year, more than 165,000 people are diagnosed with the disease and it claims the lives of over 50,000 people in the European Union (EU).3 Diagnosis often comes late, with many patients presenting with advanced or metastatic disease where survival outcomes are particularly poor.4,5
The Phase 3 EV-302 clinical trial explored the efficacy and safety of enfortumab vedotin in combination with pembrolizumab in patients with previously untreated unresectable locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer (la/mUC). Results showed that the treatment combination resulted in a median OS of 31.5 months (95% CI: 25.4-NR) compared to 16.1 months (95% CI: 13.9-18.3) with platinum-containing chemotherapy, representing a 53% reduction in risk of death (Hazard Ratio [HR]=0.47; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 0.38-0.58; P<0.00001). The median PFS of 12.5 months (95% CI: 10.4-16.6) with the combination compared to 6.3 months (95% CI: 6.2-6.5) with chemotherapy represents a 55% reduction in the risk of cancer progression or death (HR=0.45; 95% CI: (0.38-0.54); P<0.00001). During the EV-302 trial, approximately 30% of patients completed treatment with chemotherapy and then went on to receive maintenance therapy with avelumab, a PD-L1 inhibitor, which is reflective of current real world clinical practice.1 Results were presented at the 2023 European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) (Free ESMO Whitepaper) Congress and published in the New England Journal of Medicine.1
The European Marketing Authorization is valid in all 27 EU member states as well as Iceland, Liechtenstein, and Norway, and is aligned to recently updated clinical guidelines from the European Society for Medical Oncology and European Association of Urology which recommend enfortumab vedotin in combination with pembrolizumab as first-line treatment for locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer.6,7 Astellas is working closely with local regulatory authorities and health technology assessment bodies across the EU to ensure that patients who may gain benefit are able to access the treatment combination as soon as possible.
The approval follows the December 2023 approval of enfortumab vedotin in combination with pembrolizumab for the treatment of adult patients with la/mUC by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and the European Commission approval of enfortumab vedotin as a monotherapy for the treatment of adult patients with la/mUC who have previously received a platinum-containing chemotherapy and a programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) or programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitor in April 2022.8,9
Astellas has already reflected the impact from this result in its financial forecast for the current fiscal year ending March 31, 2025.
For more information, please see the press release "Astellas Receives Positive CHMP Opinion for PADCEV (enfortumab vedotin) in combination with KEYTRUDA (pembrolizumab) for First-Line Treatment of Advanced Bladder Cancer" issued on July 29, 2024.
About EV-302
EV-302 is an ongoing, open-label, randomized, controlled Phase 3 trial, evaluating enfortumab vedotin in combination with pembrolizumab versus platinum-containing chemotherapy in patients with previously untreated la/mUC. The trial enrolled 886 patients with previously untreated la/mUC who were eligible for cisplatin- or carboplatin-containing chemotherapy regardless of PD-L1 status. Patients were randomized to receive either enfortumab vedotin in combination with pembrolizumab or platinum-containing chemotherapy. The dual primary endpoints of this trial are OS and PFS per RECIST v1.1 by blinded independent central review (BICR). Select secondary endpoints include ORR per RECIST v1.1 by BICR, DOR per RECIST v1.1 by BICR, and safety.1
The most common (≥3%) Grade 3 or higher adverse events related to treatment with enfortumab vedotin and pembrolizumab were maculo-papular rash, hyperglycemia, neutropenia, peripheral sensory neuropathy, diarrhea, and anemia. The safety results in EV-302 are consistent with those previously reported with this combination in EV-103 in cisplatin-ineligible patients with la/mUC. No new safety issues were identified.1
The EV-302 trial is part of an extensive clinical program evaluating this combination in multiple stages of urothelial cancer and other solid tumors. Findings from EV-302 were presented at the 2023 European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) (Free ESMO Whitepaper) Congress and were published in the New England Journal of Medicine.1
For more information on the EV-302 trial (NCT04223856) go to View Source
About Bladder and Urothelial Cancer
Urothelial cancer, or bladder cancer, begins in the urothelial cells, which line the urethra, bladder, ureters, renal pelvis, and some other organs.10 Urothelial cancer accounts for 90% of all bladder cancers and can also be found in the renal pelvis, ureter, and urethra.11,12 If cancer is not able to be treated with surgery, it is called unresectable.13 If cancer has spread to surrounding organs or muscles, it is called locally advanced disease.14 If cancer has spread to other parts of the body, it is called metastatic disease.15 Approximately 12% of cases are unresectable locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer at diagnosis.4
Bladder cancer is diagnosed in approximately 614,000 people and causes 220,000 deaths worldwide each year.16 In Europe, bladder cancer is the fifth most common cancer; more than 165,000 people are diagnosed with the disease in the EU each year.2,3 Continuous treatment and surveillance makes bladder cancer one of the most expensive cancer types over the lifetime of a patient and, in fact, have been shown to be the costliest cancer when compared to other malignancies.17
About PADCEV (enfortumab vedotin)
PADCEV (enfortumab vedotin) is a first-in-class antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) that is directed against Nectin-4, a protein located on the surface of cells and highly expressed in bladder cancer.9,18 Nonclinical data suggest the anticancer activity of enfortumab vedotin is due to its binding to Nectin-4-expressing cells, followed by the internalization and release of the anti-tumor agent monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) into the cell, which result in the cell not reproducing (cell cycle arrest) and in programmed cell death (apoptosis).9
PADCEV is indicated in the EU as monotherapy for the treatment of adult patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer who have previously received a platinum-containing chemotherapy and a programmed death receptor-1 or programmed death-ligand 1 inhibitor, and in combination with KEYTRUDA (pembrolizumab) for the first-line treatment of adult patients with unresectable or metastatic urothelial cancer, who are eligible for platinum-containing chemotherapy.9
Ongoing Investigational Trials
EV-302 (NCT04223856) is an open-label, randomized, controlled Phase 3 trial, evaluating enfortumab vedotin in combination with pembrolizumab versus platinum-containing chemotherapy in patients with previously untreated locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer (la/mUC) who were eligible for cisplatin- or carboplatin-containing chemotherapy regardless of PD-L1 status.
EV-103 (NCT03288545) is an ongoing, multi-cohort, open-label, multicenter Phase 1b/2 trial investigating enfortumab vedotin alone or in combination with pembrolizumab and/or chemotherapy in first- or second-line settings in patients with la/mUC and in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC).
Enfortumab vedotin in combination with pembrolizumab is being investigated in an extensive program in multiple stages of urothelial cancer, including two Phase 3 clinical trials in MIBC in EV-304 (NCT04700124, also known as KEYNOTE-B15) and EV-303 (NCT03924895, also known as KEYNOTE-905). The use of enfortumab vedotin in combination with pembrolizumab in second-line urothelial cancer and MIBC has not been proven safe or effective.
EV-203 (NCT04995419) is a Phase 2, multicenter, single-arm bridging trial in China designed to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetic performance of enfortumab vedotin as treatment for patients in China. A total of 40 patients were enrolled in the trial.
EV-104 (NCT05014139) is a Phase 1 trial exploring enfortumab vedotin in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). The trial will be conducted in two-parts, assessing dose escalation and dose expansion with enfortumab vedotin when administered intravesically as a monotherapy.
EV-202 (NCT04225117) is an ongoing, multi-cohort, open-label, multicenter Phase 2 trial investigating enfortumab vedotin alone in patients with previously treated advanced solid tumors. This trial also has a cohort that is investigating enfortumab vedotin in combination with pembrolizumab in patients with previously untreated recurrent / metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
Important Safety Information
For Important Safety Information for enfortumab vedotin please see the full Summary of Product Characteristics at: View Source