On July 23, 2015 Bristol-Myers Squibb Company (NYSE:BMY) reported that the European Medicines Agency (EMA) has validated two of the company’s type II variation applications, which seek to extend the current indication for its Immuno-Oncology agent, Opdivo (Press release, Bristol-Myers Squibb, JUL 23, 2015, View Source [SID:1234506598]). Validation of the applications confirms that the submissions are complete and starts the EMA’s centralized review process. Schedule your 30 min Free 1stOncology Demo! In lung cancer, the proposed new indication addresses the non-squamous NSCLC population — Opdivo as monotherapy for the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic non-squamous NSCLC after prior chemotherapy in adults. In melanoma, the proposed new indication aims to extend the use of Opdivo monotherapy to its use in combination — Opdivo in combination with Yervoy for the treatment of advanced (unresectable or metastatic) melanoma in adults.
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"The starting of the EMA’s centralized review process marks a significant milestone in our commitment to make Opdivo available for a broader range of appropriate patients with advanced melanoma and lung cancer in Europe," said Michael Giordano, M.D., senior vice president, head of Oncology Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb. "Today’s announcement also is a step forward in realizing our vision to change survival expectations, transform the standard of cancer care, and the way patients live with cancer across multiple tumor types. We look forward to working with the EMA during its review process."
The type II variation submitted to the EMA in non-squamous NSCLC is supported by data from the landmark, global Phase 3 study, CheckMate -057, which evaluated the survival of patients with advanced non-squamous NSCLC who had progressed during or after one prior platinum doublet-based chemotherapy regimen. The type II variation application in advanced melanoma is based on data from two studies: CheckMate -067, a pivotal Phase 3 study that evaluated the Opdivo+Yervoy regimen or Opdivo monotherapy vs. Yervoy monotherapy in adults with previously-untreated advanced melanoma, and the Phase 2 CheckMate -069, the first randomized trial evaluating the Opdivo+Yervoy regimen in patients with previously-untreated advanced melanoma, as well as supportive data from the Phase 1b CA209004 study in advanced melanoma.
About the Marketing Authorization Applications
Bristol-Myers Squibb submitted two separate Marketing Authorization Applications (MAA), one in advanced melanoma under the tradename Opdivo and one for squamous NSCLC under the tradename Nivolumab BMS in order to accelerate availability of nivolumab for health care professionals in both indications. The EMA has accepted Bristol-Myers Squibb’s application to "reconcile" the MAAs into a single marketing authorization under the tradename Opdivo. The goal is to have the MAAs reconciled toward the end 2015.
About Opdivo and Yervoy
Cancer cells may exploit "regulatory" pathways, such as checkpoint pathways, to hide from the immune system and shield the tumor from immune attack. Opdivo and Yervoy are both monoclonal antibodies and immune checkpoint inhibitors that target separate, distinct checkpoint pathways. Inhibition of these immune checkpoint pathways results in enhanced T-cell function greater than the effects of either antibody alone.
Opdivo became the first PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor to receive regulatory approval anywhere in the world on July 4, 2014 when Ono Pharmaceutical Co. announced that it received manufacturing and marketing approval in Japan for the treatment of patients with unresectable melanoma. In the U.S., the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted its first approval for Opdivo for the treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma and disease progression following Yervoy and, if BRAF V600 mutation positive, a BRAF inhibitor. On March 4, 2015, Opdivo received its second FDA approval for the treatment of patients with advanced squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with progression on or after platinum-based chemotherapy. The European Commission (EC) announced approval of Opdivo on June 19, 2015, for the treatment of advanced (unresectable or metastatic) melanoma in adults, regardless of BRAF status, and on June 20, 2015, the EC announced it approved Nivolumab BMS for the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic squamous NSCLC after prior chemotherapy.
On March 25, 2011, the FDA approved Yervoy 3 mg/kg monotherapy for patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma. In July 2011, approval of Yervoy was granted in Europe by the European Commission for the treatment of advanced melanoma patients after prior treatment; the Marketing Authorization was extended in May 2013 to the untreated advanced melanoma population. Yervoy is now approved in more than 40 countries.
Bristol-Myers Squibb has a broad, global development program with over 8,000 patients enrolled in more than 50 trials evaluating nivolumab across multiple tumor types – as monotherapy or in combination with other therapies.
IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION
Immune-Mediated Pneumonitis
Severe pneumonitis or interstitial lung disease, including fatal cases, occurred with OPDIVO treatment. Across the clinical trial experience in 691 patients with solid tumors, fatal immune-mediated pneumonitis occurred in 0.7% (5/691) of patients receiving OPDIVO; no cases occurred in Trial 1 or Trial 3. In Trial 1, pneumonitis, including interstitial lung disease, occurred in 3.4% (9/268) of patients receiving OPDIVO and none of the 102 patients receiving chemotherapy. Immune-mediated pneumonitis occurred in 2.2% (6/268) of patients receiving OPDIVO; one with Grade 3 and five with Grade 2. In Trial 3, immune-mediated pneumonitis occurred in 6% (7/117) of patients receiving OPDIVO, including, five Grade 3 and two Grade 2 cases. Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of pneumonitis. Administer corticosteroids for Grade 2 or greater pneumonitis. Permanently discontinue OPDIVO for Grade 3 or 4 and withhold OPDIVO until resolution for Grade 2.
Immune-Mediated Colitis
In Trial 1, diarrhea or colitis occurred in 21% (57/268) of patients receiving OPDIVO and 18% (18/102) of patients receiving chemotherapy. Immune-mediated colitis occurred in 2.2% (6/268) of patients receiving OPDIVO; five with Grade 3 and one with Grade 2. In Trial 3, diarrhea occurred in 21% (24/117) of patients receiving OPDIVO. Grade 3 immune-mediated colitis occurred in 0.9% (1/117) of patients. Monitor patients for immune-mediated colitis. Administer corticosteroids for Grade 2 (of more than 5 days duration), 3, or 4 colitis. Withhold OPDIVO for Grade 2 or 3. Permanently discontinue OPDIVO for Grade 4 colitis or recurrent colitis upon restarting OPDIVO.
Immune-Mediated Hepatitis
In Trial 1, there was an increased incidence of liver test abnormalities in the OPDIVO-treated group as compared to the chemotherapy-treated group, with increases in AST (28% vs 12%), alkaline phosphatase (22% vs 13%), ALT (16% vs 5%), and total bilirubin (9% vs 0). Immune-mediated hepatitis occurred in 1.1% (3/268) of patients receiving OPDIVO; two with Grade 3 and one with Grade 2. In Trial 3, the incidences of increased liver test values were AST (16%), alkaline phosphatase (14%), ALT (12%), and total bilirubin (2.7%). Monitor patients for abnormal liver tests prior to and periodically during treatment. Administer corticosteroids for Grade 2 or greater transaminase elevations. Withhold OPDIVO for Grade 2 and permanently discontinue OPDIVO for Grade 3 or 4 immune-mediated hepatitis.
Immune-Mediated Nephritis and Renal Dysfunction
In Trial 1, there was an increased incidence of elevated creatinine in the OPDIVO-treated group as compared to the chemotherapy-treated group (13% vs 9%). Grade 2 or 3 immune-mediated nephritis or renal dysfunction occurred in 0.7% (2/268) of patients. In Trial 3, the incidence of elevated creatinine was 22%. Immune-mediated renal dysfunction (Grade 2) occurred in 0.9% (1/117) of patients. Monitor patients for elevated serum creatinine prior to and periodically during treatment. For Grade 2 or 3 serum creatinine elevation, withhold OPDIVO and administer corticosteroids; if worsening or no improvement occurs, permanently discontinue OPDIVO. Administer corticosteroids for Grade 4 serum creatinine elevation and permanently discontinue OPDIVO.
Immune-Mediated Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism
In Trial 1, Grade 1 or 2 hypothyroidism occurred in 8% (21/268) of patients receiving OPDIVO and none of the 102 patients receiving chemotherapy. Grade 1 or 2 hyperthyroidism occurred in 3% (8/268) of patients receiving OPDIVO and 1% (1/102) of patients receiving chemotherapy. In Trial 3, hypothyroidism occurred in 4.3% (5/117) of patients receiving OPDIVO. Hyperthyroidism occurred in 1.7% (2/117) of patients, including one Grade 2 case. Monitor thyroid function prior to and periodically during treatment. Administer hormone replacement therapy for hypothyroidism. Initiate medical management for control of hyperthyroidism.
Other Immune-Mediated Adverse Reactions
In Trial 1 and 3 (n=385), the following clinically significant immune-mediated adverse reactions occurred in <2% of OPDIVO-treated patients: adrenal insufficiency, uveitis, pancreatitis, facial and abducens nerve paresis, demyeliniation, autoimmune neuropathy, motor dysfunction, and vasculitis. Across clinical trials of OPDIVO administered at doses 3 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg, additional clinically significant, immune-mediated adverse reactions were identified: hypophysitis, diabetic ketoacidosis, hypopituitarism, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and myasthenic syndrome. Based on the severity of adverse reaction, withhold OPDIVO, administer high-dose corticosteroids, and, if appropriate, initiate hormone- replacement therapy.
Embryofetal Toxicity
Based on its mechanism of action, OPDIVO can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Advise pregnant women of the potential risk to a fetus. Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with OPDIVO and for at least 5 months after the last dose of OPDIVO.
Lactation
It is not known whether OPDIVO is present in human milk. Because many drugs, including antibodies, are excreted in human milk and because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants from OPDIVO, advise women to discontinue breastfeeding during treatment.
Serious Adverse Reactions
In Trial 1, serious adverse reactions occurred in 41% of patients receiving OPDIVO. Grade 3 and 4 adverse reactions occurred in 42% of patients receiving OPDIVO. The most frequent Grade 3 and 4 adverse drug reactions reported in 2% to <5% of patients receiving OPDIVO were abdominal pain, hyponatremia, increased aspartate aminotransferase, and increased lipase.
In Trial 3, serious adverse reactions occurred in 59% of patients receiving OPDIVO. The most frequent serious adverse drug reactions reported in ≥2% of patients were dyspnea, pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation, pneumonitis, hypercalcemia, pleural effusion, hemoptysis, and pain.
Common Adverse Reactions
The most common adverse reactions (≥20%) reported with OPDIVO in Trial 1 were rash (21%) and in Trial 3 were fatigue (50%), dyspnea (38%), musculoskeletal pain (36%), decreased appetite (35%), cough (32%), nausea (29%), and constipation (24%).
Please see U.S. Full Prescribing Information for OPDIVO here.