On October 7, 2025 Kernal Biologics, Inc., a venture-backed TechBio company pioneering novel therapeutics to program human cells directly inside the body, reported that it has been awarded up to $48 million in funding by the Advanced Research Projects Agency for Health (ARPA-H) (Press release, Kernal Biologics, OCT 7, 2025, View Source [SID1234656500]). This project is to be funded by ARPA-H’s EMBODY program, which focuses on the engineering of immune cells inside the body. EMBODY is led by ARPA-H Program Manager Daria Fedyukina, Ph.D.
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The funds will be used to support the clinical development of Kernal Bio’s in vivo mRNA-encoded CAR T-cell program, KR-402, which targets multiple sclerosis and B-cell malignancies, including acute lymphoblastic leukemia, large B-cell lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. As part of this project, Kernal Bio will collaborate with sub-awardees – Stanford University School of Medicine, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and The Jackson Laboratory – to engineer targeted, mRNA-encoded CARs, as well as develop novel manufacturing strategies and preclinical models for testing these therapies.
"We’re honored to join the elite cohort of ARPA-H awardees," said Yusuf Erkul, M.D., MBA., cofounder and chief executive officer of Kernal Bio. "Current CAR-T therapies heralded a true revolution in cancer treatment. Yet, they have their limitations, including a three-week vein-to-vein turnaround time, tumor resistance leading to relapse, and side effects such as cytokine release syndrome or secondary T-cell malignancies. At Kernal Bio, we believe that we have the tools to evolve the CAR-T modality towards in vivo therapies."
KR-402 is a next-generation CAR-T therapy program developed using Kernal Bio’s mRNA 2.0 platform. This platform achieves exceptional precision using a unique two-pronged strategy. First, it uses a highly selective mRNA that only translates in specific cells — intelligently designed by analyzing thousands of multi-omics datapoints across various cell types. Second, this RNA is delivered by a targeted lipid nanoparticle (LNP) delivery vehicle decorated with antibodies that allow it to home in directly on target T cells.
By reprogramming T cells inside the body with this approach, KR-402 is positioned to be a differentiated in vivo CAR-T therapy that minimizes the risk of genomic integration, while offering tremendous cost efficiencies over traditional ex vivo therapies. Furthermore, the in vivo CAR-T approach may also improve patients’ treatment journey by eliminating the need for additional toxic procedures, such as lymphodepletion agents.
"Manufacturing ex vivo CAR-T therapies is a complex and expensive process. However, with our proprietary platform, there is a potential of reducing the cost of manufacturing in vivo CAR T-cell therapies by as much as 100-fold," commented Burak Yilmaz, president of Kernal Bio. "In addition, chemotherapy drugs used for lymphodepletion prior to CAR-T therapies carry significant toxicity, making these therapies viable for just a small group of patients. We believe that with our technology and the support of our partners and ARPA-H, we can greatly transform access to this category of therapies."