BPGbio Presents Updated Phase 2a Clinical Results Demonstrating Benefit of BPM31510 in Combination with Chemotherapy in Pancreatic Cancer at ASCO GI

On January 18, 2024 BPGbio, Inc. a leading biology-first AI-powered biopharma that focuses on oncology, neurology, and rare diseases, reported new data from a phase 2a clinical trial of its lead candidate, BPM31510, in patients with advanced pancreatic cancers at the annual ASCO (Free ASCO Whitepaper) Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium, being held January 18-20, 2024, in San Francisco, Calif (Press release, BPGbio, JAN 18, 2024, View Source [SID1234639344]). The multicenter, open-label, non-randomized study aimed to understand the safety and efficacy of BPM31510 delivered intravenously in conjunction with gemcitabine as a second- or third-line therapy for advanced pancreatic cancer.

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In the phase 2a trial (NCT02650804), 19 patients with refractory pancreatic cancer previously treated with other therapies were enrolled and treated with BPM31510 in combination with gemcitabine. Among study participants, median progression free survival was 7.2 months (range: 3.8 months – 10.5 months), twice the observed median progression free survival (3.6 months) reported in patients receiving treatment with gemcitabine alone.

"BPM31510 offers the potential to alter the microenvironment of pancreatic cancer tumors with very manageable side effects, making it an ideal partner to combine with other systemic therapies," said Madappa Kundranda, M.D., Ph.D., Chief of Division of Cancer Medicine, Banner MD Anderson Cancer Center, who was the principal investigator of the study. "Pancreatic cancer, because it is so often diagnosed at later stages, has proven difficult to treat with traditional approaches, which is what makes the sensitizing effects of BPM31510 so compelling."

"These data have validated the BPM31510 mechanism of action and once again show the success of our biology-first Bayesian AI approach to drug development in the clinic," said Niven Narain, Ph.D., CEO of BPGbio. "We see broad applicability for BPM31510 across many solid tumor cancers given its properties as a chemotherapy and radiation sensitizer, and remain committed to pursuing additional clinical studies in both pancreatic cancer and glioblastoma multiforme to address these critical areas of unmet patient need."

ASCO-GI Presentation Summary
Abstract #: 696
Abstract Title: Predictive Multi-omics Analysis of BPM31510 in Combination with Gemcitabine in a Phase 2 Study of Advanced Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC)
In-Person Session Name: Poster Session B
In-Person Poster Session Date: January 19, 2024 at 12:30-2 p.m.
Presenter: Madappa Kundranda, M.D., Ph.D.

BPM31510 as a treatment for pancreatic cancer has received Orphan Drug Designation from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. BPM31510 is a proprietary nano-lipid molecule designed to target the tumor microenvironment and induce cancer cell death with minimal toxicity. It does this by modulating mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in highly aggressive solid tumors, with a direct effect on the BCL-2 protein family. It is believed to be a sensitizer to other chemotherapies, including gemcitabine, as was tested in this study, as well as radiation.

BPGbio plans to continue to study BPM31510 in pancreatic cancer with a phase 2b study looking at its effect as a first line therapy in combination with gemcitabine. In addition, the company has an ongoing phase 2b trial (NCT04752813) studying BPM31510 in combination with vitamin K and standard chemoradiation therapy in patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM).

Narain continued, "As a company, we see BPM31510 as offering promise in many other solid tumor cancers including gastric, esophageal, liver, bladder, and sarcoma, where innovation is critically needed."

About BPM31510

BPM31510 is BPGbio’s lead candidate in late-stage development for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and pancreatic cancer. The compound has demonstrated a tolerable safety profile and shown potential clinical benefit in both populations. The mechanism of action of BPM31510 was first validated by data from BPGbio’s NAi Interrogative Biology platform, which suggested that there is a hallmark shift in the tumor microenvironment (TME) induced by BPM31510 which modulates mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in highly aggressive tumors.

BostonGene and Prisma Health Announce Collaboration Aimed at Predicting Efficacy of Immunotherapy in Rare Cancers

On January 18, 2024 BostonGene, a leading provider of AI-based molecular and immune profiling solutions provider, reported a collaboration with Prisma Health aimed at advancing the understanding of rare tumors by characterizing the tumor microenvironment (TME), mutational landscape and host immune profiles of patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (Press release, BostonGene, JAN 18, 2024, View Source [SID1234639343]).

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In collaboration with Prisma Health’s Rare Tumor Center, BostonGene will analyze tissue and peripheral blood from rare cancer solid-tumor patients to understand the molecular underpinnings of immune-activating drugs commonly used to enhance a person’s innate mechanisms to fight cancer. BostonGene will perform detailed analyses of primary tumors and immunoprofiling of matched peripheral blood collected during this cohort of the trial, which is currently enrolling patients.

Prisma Health, the largest healthcare system in South Carolina, established its Rare Tumor Center in 2014 with a focus on improved outcomes for patients with rare cancers. By adding AI-powered molecular profiling to its long-running prospective clinical trial on checkpoint inhibitors, Prisma Health’s physician researchers hope to gain a substantially deeper understanding, not just of cancer, but of cancer’s interaction with the surrounding tissue and normal supportive cells. The center is part of the Prisma Health Cancer Institute, which actively participates in more than 300 clinical trials annually.

"BostonGene’s innovative solutions will provide a substantially deeper understanding of the molecular profiles of rare tumor patients, which could help us better determine what therapies work for which patients," said Jeffrey Edenfield, MD, medical director for Prisma Health’s Institute for Translational Oncology Research and founder of its Rare Tumor Center. "We are excited about the opportunity to identify potential molecular markers of treatment response and, in turn, improve patient outcomes."

"We’re honored to collaborate with Prisma Health for this prospective clinical trial," said Nathan Fowler, MD, chief medical officer at BostonGene. "We are confident that our next-generation multi-omics analytics will uncover unique molecular characteristics that can be utilized to personalize treatment plans for patients with rare tumors."

BostonGene’s computational platform integrates genomic, transcriptomic and immunoprofiling data to assess the TME and corresponding host immune status to characterize somatic alterations, gene expression, fusions, tumor heterogeneity, the TME and immunoprofiles.

Visit ClinicalTrials.gov for more information on the protocol, A Phase II Study of Durvalumab (MEDI4736) (Anti-PD-L1 Antibody) in Combination with Tremelimumab (Anti-CTLA-4 Antibody) in Subjects with Advanced Rare Solid Tumors.

PeproMene Bio, Inc. Announces Complete Remission of the Cohort 1 First Patient Treated for Relapsed and Refractory B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (B-ALL) in the Phase 1 Clinical Trial of PMB-CT01 (BAFFR-CAR T Cells) at City of Hope

On January 18, 2024 PeproMene Bio, Inc., a clinical-stage biotech company developing novel therapies to treat cancers and immune disorders, reported that the cohort 1 first patient treated in its Phase 1 relapsed or refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (r/r B-ALL) clinical trial of PMB-CT01 (BAFFR-CAR T Cells) has reached complete remission at one-month post treatment (Press release, PeproMene Bio, JAN 18, 2024, View Source [SID1234639342]).

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This result adds to the presentation of PeproMene Bio’s clinical trial of PMB-CT01 in relapsed/refractory non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma at last month’s American Society of Hematology (ASH) (Free ASH Whitepaper) annual meeting in San Diego. The trial results, presented by Elizabeth Budde, M.D., Ph.D., City of Hope associate professor, Division of Lymphoma, Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, generated considerable excitement because all three patients achieved durable complete remissions with minimal toxicity (View Source).

The trials are taking place at City of Hope, one of the largest cancer research and treatment organizations in the United States, which also developed the therapy.

During the first month of treatment, the patient only experienced low grade treatment emergent toxicities, including grade 1 cytokine release syndrome ("CRS") resolved without intervention, and no immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome ("ICANS").

"We are excited about the treatment outcomes as this patient had a relapsed B-cell ALL after prior treatment with chemotherapy and blinatumomab. His relapsed disease was both CD19- and CD22-negative, implying very limited available therapeutic options for him," said Ibrahim T. Aldoss, M.D., City of Hope associate professor, Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation and the principal investigator of this single-center, dose escalation with expansion trial (NCT04690595).

"He tolerated the treatment of BAFFR-CAR T Cells really well with only minimal and anticipated toxicities. Additionally, he achieved complete remission and clearance of minimal residual disease (MRD), indicating an excellent response to this effective therapy."

"PeproMene has achieved an exceptional milestone in the development and evaluation of PMB-CT01 with the observation of the acceptable safety profile and complete response in this PMB-CT01 treated B-ALL patient. These initial clinical outcomes are supported by City of Hope preclinical research data published in Science Translational Medicine in 2019, which shows BAFFR-CAR T Cells can effectively eliminate various B-cell malignancies including B-ALL and different subtypes of B-lymphomas," said Hazel Cheng, Ph.D., COO of PeproMene.

PMB-CT01 was invented by the laboratory of Larry W. Kwak, M.D., Ph.D., vice president and deputy director of City of Hope’s Comprehensive Cancer Center and PeproMene’s scientific founder and compensated chair of its Scientific Advisory Board. Kwak has an equity interest in PeproMene.

City of Hope holds an interest in the investigational compound ‘BAFFR(EQ)BBζ/EGFRt+ CAR T Cells’, the compound being studied in this research.

About PMB-CT01

PMB-CT01 is a first-in-class BAFFR-targeted, autologous CAR T Cell therapy. BAFF-R (B Cell Activating Factor Receptor), a tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily member, is the main receptor for BAFF expressing almost exclusively on B cells. Since BAFF-R signaling promotes normal B-cell proliferation and appears to be required for B-cell survival, it is unlikely tumor cells could escape immune responses via loss of BAFF-R antigen. This unique characteristic makes BAFFR-CAR T therapy a great potential treatment of B-cell malignancies. BAFFR-CAR T was constructed using the anti-BAFF-R scFv (single-chain fragment variable) antibodies with the 2nd generation signaling domains containing CD3ζ and 4-1BB. Our research has found that BAFFR-CAR T Cells kill human lymphomas and leukemias in vitro as well as in animal models. PeproMene has licensed intellectual property relating to PMB-CT01, from City of Hope.

Golden Biotech’s Antroquinonol Shows Significantly Prolonged Survival in Untreated Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer Patients

On January 18, 2024 Golden Biotechnology Corp. (TPEX 4132) ("GoldenBiotech", GBC), an advanced biopharmaceutical drug development company, reported the findings of its Phase II clinical trial investigating Antroquinonol (HOCENA) in combination with the standard of care (SOC): nab-paclitaxel + gemcitabine, as first-line treatment for metastatic pancreatic cancer (Press release, Golden Biotechnology, JAN 18, 2024, View Source [SID1234639341]). The trial showed a positive median overall survival (mOS) of 14.1 months, which is a substantial increase compared to 8.5 months mOS observed in the standard of care Phase III clinical study (nab-paclitaxel + gemcitabine). Notably, when compared to current first-line treatment options for this very difficult to treat cancer, there was a highly significant survival advantage of patients treated with oral Antroquinonol in combination with SOC. Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer remains a devastating disease with very low survival rate and significant unmet medical needs in terms of treatment options.

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The ASCO (Free ASCO Whitepaper) Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium 2024 Committee has selected Golden Biotech’s Phase 2 Study, titled "A Phase I/II study of Antroquinonol in combination with Nab-Paclitaxel and Gemcitabine for patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer," for poster presentation. This multinational study, registered under NIH Clinical Trial Registration Number NCT03310632, employed a single-arm, open-label design with participating sites in the United States, South Korea, and Taiwan.

The study revealed clinically meaningful responses in subjects treated with Antroquinonol in combination with the standard of care. The treatment demonstrated significantly longer overall survival (median OS) and OS rates at both 6 and 12 months when compared to the standard of care Phase III study. The OS figures were 14.1, 8.5, and 6.7 months for (Antroquinonol + nab-paclitaxel + gemcitabine), (nab-paclitaxel + gemcitabine), and gemcitabine alone, respectively. The corresponding OS rates at 6 months were 85.5%, 67%, and 55%, while the rates at 12 months were 62.2%, 35%, and 22%.

In addition, Antroquinonol in combination with the standard of care surpassed the efficacy of another chemotherapy regimen, FOLFIRINOX, in terms of median OS and OS rates (Antroquinonol + standard of care vs FOLFIRINOX: OS= 14.1 vs 11.1 months; OS rate at 6 months=85.5% vs 76%; OS rate at 12 months=62.2% vs 48%). The trial results also showed an mPFS of 5.3 months and a 6-month PFS rate of 41.7% for Antroquinonol in combination with the standard of care drugs.

The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) (Free ASCO Whitepaper) Committee have defined Clinically Meaningful Goals for clinical trials in Pancreas, Breast, Lung, and Colorectal Cancers. For Pancreatic Cancer patients eligible for treatment with Gemcitabine or Gemcitabine/Nab-paclitaxel, the current baseline median overall survival is estimated to range from 8 to 9 months. It is considered "clinically meaningful" if the minimum improvement over current overall survival is between 3 to 4 months.

Golden Biotech’s Antroquinonol has gained recognition for its groundbreaking work in the field of cancer treatment. It has been granted Orphan Drug Designation (ODD) by the FDA for the treatment of Pancreatic Cancer, Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), and Hepatocellular Carcinoma (liver cancer), as well as ODD by the EMA for Pancreatic Cancer. These acknowledgments underscore the potential of Antroquinonol in addressing the high-unmet medical needs associated with these challenging diseases.

When compared to gemcitabine and other existing first-line therapies for metastatic pancreatic cancer, Antroquinonol in combination with the standard of care exhibited a significant survival advantage. Additionally, hematological adverse events (AEs) induced by nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine, such as neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia, and leukopenia, were substantially improved across all grade levels. No additional safety concerns were observed during the study. By combining nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine with Antroquinonol, the incidence of hematological side effects also decreased across all grades.

The results of this clinical trial may be a potential game changer for metastatic pancreatic cancer. Antroquinonol in combination with the standard of care may provide patients with significantly improved median overall survival and reduced hematological side-effects. Providing new hope for patients everywhere, for this very difficult to treat cancer.

Eisai Aims to Advance Genitourinary Cancer Treatment with New Research at ASCO GU 2024

On January 18, 2024 Eisai reported the presentation of research in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) during the 2024 American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) (Free ASCO Whitepaper) Genitourinary Cancers Symposium (#GU24) which is taking place in-person in San Francisco, California and online from January 25-27 (Press release, Eisai, JAN 18, 2024, View Source [SID1234639340]). Notable presentations include a rapid oral abstract session featuring subgroup analyses from the pivotal Phase 3 CLEAR (Study 307)/KEYNOTE-581 trial, which evaluated lenvatinib (LENVIMA), the orally available multiple receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor discovered by Eisai, plus pembrolizumab (KEYTRUDA), Merck’s anti-PD-1 therapy, versus sunitinib for the first-line treatment of patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (aRCC) (NCT02811861; Abstract: #364).

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"We are eager to share new findings from the pivotal Phase 3 CLEAR trial in advanced renal cell carcinoma as an oral presentation at ASCO (Free ASCO Whitepaper) GU 2024," said Dr. Takashi Owa, Chief Scientific Officer, Senior Vice President, Eisai Co., Ltd. "Our data at this year’s symposium demonstrate our aim to deepen the scientific understanding of the role of LENVIMA plus KEYTRUDA as a first-line standard of care option for patients with this disease. We look forward to engaging in critical scientific exchange to improve outcomes for these patients."

A network meta-analysis to assess the efficacy of lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab compared with other first-line treatment options for patients with aRCC will be shared in a poster session (Abstract: #482). Additional data include extended follow-up results from the Phase 2 KEYNOTE-B61 trial evaluating lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab as a first-line treatment option for patients with non-clear cell RCC to be presented by Merck (NCT04704219; Abstract: #2); and a poster featuring real-world evidence on the use of lenvatinib plus everolimus in previously treated patients with aRCC (Abstract: #437).

This release discusses investigational uses for FDA-approved products. It is not intended to convey conclusions about efficacy and safety. There is no guarantee that any investigational compounds or investigational uses of FDA-approved products will successfully complete clinical development or gain FDA approval.

The list of notable Eisai presentations is included below. These abstracts will be made available via the ASCO (Free ASCO Whitepaper) website on Monday, January 22, 2024, at 5:00 PM EST (2:00 PM PST).

Cancer Type

Study/Compound

Abstract Title

Abstract Type & Details

Lenvatinib Plus Pembrolizumab

Genitourinary Cancer

CLEAR

Subgroup analyses of efficacy outcomes by
baseline tumor size in the phase 3, open‐
label CLEAR trial

Rapid Oral Abstract
Session

Abstract #364

January 27, 2024

1:00-2:15 PM PST / 4:00-5:15 PM EST

Genitourinary Cancer

Network Meta-Analysis

Network meta-analysis to assess
comparative efficacy of lenvatinib plus
pembrolizumab compared with other first-
line treatments for management of
advanced renal cell carcinoma

Poster Session

Abstract #482

January 27, 2024

7:00 AM PST / 10:00 AM EST

Genitourinary Cancer

KEYNOTE-B61

First-line pembrolizumab plus lenvatinib for
non-clear cell renal carcinomas:
Extended follow-up of the Phase 2 KEYNOTE-B61
Study (Presented by Merck)

Poster Session

Abstract #2

January 27, 2024

7:00 AM PST / 10:00 AM EST

Lenvatinib Plus Everolimus

Genitourinary Cancer

Real World Evidence

Lenvatinib plus everolimus in patients with
pre-treated advanced renal cell carcinoma:
Real world evidence

Poster Session

Abstract #437

January 27, 2024

7:00 AM PST / 10:00 AM EST

In March 2018, Eisai and Merck (known as MSD outside the United States and Canada), through an affiliate, entered into a strategic collaboration for the worldwide co-development and co-commercialization of lenvatinib, both as monotherapy and in combination with Merck’s anti-PD-1 therapy, pembrolizumab. Eisai and Merck are studying the lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab combination through the LEAP (LEnvatinib And Pembrolizumab) clinical program in various tumor types across multiple clinical trials.

About LENVIMA (lenvatinib) Capsules

LENVIMA is indicated:

For the treatment of patients with locally recurrent or metastatic, progressive, radioactive iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC)
In combination with pembrolizumab, for the first line treatment of adult patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC)
In combination with everolimus for the treatment of adult patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) following one prior anti-angiogenic therapy
For the first-line treatment of patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
In combination with pembrolizumab, for the treatment of patients with advanced endometrial carcinoma (EC) that is mismatch repair proficient (pMMR), as determined by an FDA-approved test, or not microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H), who have disease progression following prior systemic therapy in any setting and are not candidates for curative surgery or radiation.
LENVIMA, discovered and developed by Eisai, is a multiple receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor that inhibits the kinase activities of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptors VEGFR1 (FLT1), VEGFR2 (KDR), and VEGFR3 (FLT4). LENVIMA inhibits other kinases that have been implicated in pathogenic angiogenesis, tumor growth, and cancer progression in addition to their normal cellular functions, including fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptors FGFR1-4, the platelet derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα), KIT, and RET. Lenvatinib also exhibited antiproliferative activity in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines dependent on activated FGFR signaling with a concurrent inhibition of FGF-receptor substrate 2α (FRS2α) phosphorylation. In syngeneic mouse tumor models, the combination of lenvatinib with an anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody decreased tumor-associated macrophages, increased activated cytotoxic T cells, and demonstrated greater antitumor activity compared to either treatment alone. The combination of LENVIMA and everolimus showed increased anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor activity as demonstrated by decreased human endothelial cell proliferation, tube formation, and VEGF signaling in vitro and tumor volume in mouse xenograft models of human renal cell cancer greater than each drug alone.

Important Safety Information for LENVIMA

Warnings and Precautions

Hypertension. In DTC (differentiated thyroid cancer), hypertension occurred in 73% of patients on LENVIMA (44% grade 3-4). In RCC (renal cell carcinoma), hypertension occurred in 42% of patients on LENVIMA + everolimus (13% grade 3). Systolic blood pressure ≥160 mmHg occurred in 29% of patients, and 21% had diastolic blood pressure ≥100 mmHg. In HCC (hepatocellular carcinoma), hypertension occurred in 45% of LENVIMA-treated patients (24% grade 3). Grade 4 hypertension was not reported in HCC.

Serious complications of poorly controlled hypertension have been reported. Control blood pressure prior to initiation. Monitor blood pressure after 1 week, then every 2 weeks for the first 2 months, and then at least monthly thereafter during treatment. Withhold and resume at reduced dose when hypertension is controlled or permanently discontinue based on severity.

Cardiac Dysfunction. Serious and fatal cardiac dysfunction can occur with LENVIMA. Across clinical trials in 799 patients with DTC, RCC, and HCC, grade 3 or higher cardiac dysfunction occurred in 3% of LENVIMA-treated patients. Monitor for clinical symptoms or signs of cardiac dysfunction. Withhold and resume at reduced dose upon recovery or permanently discontinue based on severity.

Arterial Thromboembolic Events. Among patients receiving LENVIMA or LENVIMA + everolimus, arterial thromboembolic events of any severity occurred in 2% of patients in RCC and HCC and 5% in DTC. Grade 3-5 arterial thromboembolic events ranged from 2% to 3% across all clinical trials.

Among patients receiving LENVIMA with pembrolizumab, arterial thrombotic events of any severity occurred in 5% of patients in CLEAR, including myocardial infarction (3.4%) and cerebrovascular accident (2.3%).

Permanently discontinue following an arterial thrombotic event. The safety of resuming after an arterial thromboembolic event has not been established, and LENVIMA has not been studied in patients who have had an arterial thromboembolic event within the previous 6 months.

Hepatotoxicity. Across clinical studies enrolling 1327 LENVIMA-treated patients with malignancies other than HCC, serious hepatic adverse reactions occurred in 1.4% of patients. Fatal events, including hepatic failure, acute hepatitis, and hepatorenal syndrome, occurred in 0.5% of patients. In HCC, hepatic encephalopathy occurred in 8% of LENVIMA-treated patients (5% grade 3-5). Grade 3-5 hepatic failure occurred in 3% of LENVIMA-treated patients; 2% of patients discontinued LENVIMA due to hepatic encephalopathy, and 1% discontinued due to hepatic failure.

Monitor liver function prior to initiation, then every 2 weeks for the first 2 months, and at least monthly thereafter during treatment. Monitor patients with HCC closely for signs of hepatic failure, including hepatic encephalopathy. Withhold and resume at reduced dose upon recovery or permanently discontinue based on severity.

Renal Failure or Impairment. Serious including fatal renal failure or impairment can occur with LENVIMA. Renal impairment was reported in 14% and 7% of LENVIMA-treated patients in DTC and HCC, respectively. Grade 3-5 renal failure or impairment occurred in 3% of patients with DTC and 2% of patients with HCC, including 1 fatal event in each study. In RCC, renal impairment or renal failure was reported in 18% of LENVIMA + everolimus–treated patients (10% grade 3).

Initiate prompt management of diarrhea or dehydration/hypovolemia. Withhold and resume at reduced dose upon recovery or permanently discontinue for renal failure or impairment based on severity.

Proteinuria. In DTC and HCC, proteinuria was reported in 34% and 26% of LENVIMA-treated patients, respectively. Grade 3 proteinuria occurred in 11% and 6% in DTC and HCC, respectively. In RCC, proteinuria occurred in 31% of patients receiving LENVIMA + everolimus (8% grade 3). Monitor for proteinuria prior to initiation and periodically during treatment. If urine dipstick proteinuria ≥2+ is detected, obtain a 24-hour urine protein. Withhold and resume at reduced dose upon recovery or permanently discontinue based on severity.

Diarrhea. Of the 737 LENVIMA-treated patients in DTC and HCC, diarrhea occurred in 49% (6% grade 3). In RCC, diarrhea occurred in 81% of LENVIMA + everolimus–treated patients (19% grade 3). Diarrhea was the most frequent cause of dose interruption/reduction, and diarrhea recurred despite dose reduction. Promptly initiate management of diarrhea. Withhold and resume at reduced dose upon recovery or permanently discontinue based on severity.

Fistula Formation and Gastrointestinal Perforation. Of the 799 patients treated with LENVIMA or LENVIMA + everolimus in DTC, RCC, and HCC, fistula or gastrointestinal perforation occurred in 2%. Permanently discontinue in patients who develop gastrointestinal perforation of any severity or grade 3-4 fistula.

QT Interval Prolongation. In DTC, QT/QTc interval prolongation occurred in 9% of LENVIMA-treated patients and QT interval prolongation of >500 ms occurred in 2%. In RCC, QTc interval increases of >60 ms occurred in 11% of patients receiving LENVIMA + everolimus and QTc interval >500 ms occurred in 6%. In HCC, QTc interval increases of >60 ms occurred in 8% of LENVIMA-treated patients and QTc interval >500 ms occurred in 2%.

Monitor and correct electrolyte abnormalities at baseline and periodically during treatment. Monitor electrocardiograms in patients with congenital long QT syndrome, congestive heart failure, bradyarrhythmias, or those who are taking drugs known to prolong the QT interval, including Class Ia and III antiarrhythmics. Withhold and resume at reduced dose upon recovery based on severity.

Hypocalcemia. In DTC, grade 3-4 hypocalcemia occurred in 9% of LENVIMA-treated patients. In 65% of cases, hypocalcemia improved or resolved following calcium supplementation with or without dose interruption or dose reduction. In RCC, grade 3-4 hypocalcemia occurred in 6% of LENVIMA + everolimus–treated patients. In HCC, grade 3 hypocalcemia occurred in 0.8% of LENVIMA-treated patients. Monitor blood calcium levels at least monthly and replace calcium as necessary during treatment. Withhold and resume at reduced dose upon recovery or permanently discontinue depending on severity.

Reversible Posterior Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome (RPLS). Across clinical studies of 1823 patients who received LENVIMA as a single agent, RPLS occurred in 0.3%. Confirm diagnosis of RPLS with MRI. Withhold and resume at reduced dose upon recovery or permanently discontinue depending on severity and persistence of neurologic symptoms.

Hemorrhagic Events. Serious including fatal hemorrhagic events can occur with LENVIMA. In DTC, RCC, and HCC clinical trials, hemorrhagic events, of any grade, occurred in 29% of the 799 patients treated with LENVIMA as a single agent or in combination with everolimus. The most frequently reported hemorrhagic events (all grades and occurring in at least 5% of patients) were epistaxis and hematuria. In DTC, grade 3-5 hemorrhage occurred in 2% of LENVIMA-treated patients, including 1 fatal intracranial hemorrhage among 16 patients who received LENVIMA and had CNS metastases at baseline. In RCC, grade 3-5 hemorrhage occurred in 8% of LENVIMA + everolimus–treated patients, including 1 fatal cerebral hemorrhage. In HCC, grade 3-5 hemorrhage occurred in 5% of LENVIMA-treated patients, including 7 fatal hemorrhagic events. Serious tumor-related bleeds, including fatal hemorrhagic events, occurred in LENVIMA-treated patients in clinical trials and in the postmarketing setting. In postmarketing surveillance, serious and fatal carotid artery hemorrhages were seen more frequently in patients with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) than other tumors. Safety and effectiveness of LENVIMA in patients with ATC have not been demonstrated in clinical trials.

Consider the risk of severe or fatal hemorrhage associated with tumor invasion or infiltration of major blood vessels (eg, carotid artery). Withhold and resume at reduced dose upon recovery or permanently discontinue based on severity.

Impairment of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Suppression/Thyroid Dysfunction. LENVIMA impairs exogenous thyroid suppression. In DTC, 88% of patients had baseline thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level ≤0.5 mU/L. In patients with normal TSH at baseline, elevation of TSH level >0.5 mU/L was observed post baseline in 57% of LENVIMA-treated patients. In RCC and HCC, grade 1 or 2 hypothyroidism occurred in 24% of LENVIMA + everolimus–treated patients and 21% of LENVIMA-treated patients, respectively. In patients with normal or low TSH at baseline, elevation of TSH was observed post baseline in 70% of LENVIMA-treated patients in HCC and 60% of LENVIMA + everolimus–treated patients in RCC.

Monitor thyroid function prior to initiation and at least monthly during treatment. Treat hypothyroidism according to standard medical practice.

Impaired Wound Healing. Impaired wound healing has been reported in patients who received LENVIMA. Withhold LENVIMA for at least 1 week prior to elective surgery. Do not administer for at least 2 weeks following major surgery and until adequate wound healing. The safety of resumption of LENVIMA after resolution of wound healing complications has not been established.

Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (ONJ). ONJ has been reported in patients receiving LENVIMA. Concomitant exposure to other risk factors, such as bisphosphonates, denosumab, dental disease, or invasive dental procedures, may increase the risk of ONJ.

Perform an oral examination prior to treatment with LENVIMA and periodically during LENVIMA treatment. Advise patients regarding good oral hygiene practices and to consider having preventive dentistry performed prior to treatment with LENVIMA and throughout treatment with LENVIMA.

Avoid invasive dental procedures, if possible, while on LENVIMA treatment, particularly in patients at higher risk. Withhold LENVIMA for at least 1 week prior to scheduled dental surgery or invasive dental procedures, if possible. For patients requiring invasive dental procedures, discontinuation of bisphosphonate treatment may reduce the risk of ONJ.

Withhold LENVIMA if ONJ develops and restart based on clinical judgement of adequate resolution.

Embryo-Fetal Toxicity. Based on its mechanism of action and data from animal reproduction studies, LENVIMA can cause fetal harm when administered to pregnant women. In animal reproduction studies, oral administration of lenvatinib during organogenesis at doses below the recommended clinical doses resulted in embryotoxicity, fetotoxicity, and teratogenicity in rats and rabbits. Advise pregnant women of the potential risk to a fetus and advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with LENVIMA and for 30 days after the last dose.

Adverse Reactions
In DTC, the most common adverse reactions (≥30%) observed in LENVIMA-treated patients were hypertension (73%), fatigue (67%), diarrhea (67%), arthralgia/myalgia (62%), decreased appetite (54%), decreased weight (51%), nausea (47%), stomatitis (41%), headache (38%), vomiting (36%), proteinuria (34%), palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome (32%), abdominal pain (31%), and dysphonia (31%). The most common serious adverse reactions (≥2%) were pneumonia (4%), hypertension (3%), and dehydration (3%). Adverse reactions led to dose reductions in 68% of LENVIMA-treated patients; 18% discontinued LENVIMA. The most common adverse reactions (≥10%) resulting in dose reductions were hypertension (13%), proteinuria (11%), decreased appetite (10%), and diarrhea (10%); the most common adverse reactions (≥1%) resulting in discontinuation of LENVIMA were hypertension (1%) and asthenia (1%).

In RCC, the most common adverse reactions (≥20%) observed in LENVIMA + pembrolizumab-treated patients were fatigue (63%), diarrhea (62%), musculoskeletal pain (58%), hypothyroidism (57%), hypertension (56%), stomatitis (43%), decreased appetite (41%), rash (37%), nausea (36%), decreased weight (30%), dysphonia (30%), proteinuria (30%), palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome (29%), abdominal pain (27%), hemorrhagic events (27%), vomiting (26%), constipation (25%), hepatotoxicity (25%), headache (23%), and acute kidney injury (21%). The most common serious adverse reactions (≥2%) were hemorrhagic events (5%), diarrhea (4%), hypertension (3%), myocardial infarction (3%), pneumonitis (3%), vomiting (3%), acute kidney injury (2%), adrenal insufficiency (2%), dyspnea (2%), and pneumonia (2%). Fatal adverse reactions occurred in 4.3% of patients receiving LENVIMA in combination with pembrolizumab, including cardio-respiratory arrest (0.9%), sepsis (0.9%), and one case (0.3%) each of arrhythmia, autoimmune hepatitis, dyspnea, hypertensive crisis, increased blood creatinine, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, myasthenic syndrome, myocarditis, nephritis, pneumonitis, ruptured aneurysm and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Serious adverse reactions occurred in 51% of patients receiving LENVIMA and pembrolizumab. Serious adverse reactions in ≥2% of patients were hemorrhagic events (5%), diarrhea (4%), hypertension (3%), myocardial infarction (3%), pneumonitis (3%), vomiting (3%), acute kidney injury (2%), adrenal insufficiency (2%), dyspnea (2%), and pneumonia (2%). Permanent discontinuation of LENVIMA, pembrolizumab, or both due to an adverse reaction occurred in 37% of patients; 26% LENVIMA only, 29% pembrolizumab only, and 13% both drugs. The most common adverse reactions (≥2%) leading to permanent discontinuation of LENVIMA, pembrolizumab, or both were pneumonitis (3%), myocardial infarction (3%), hepatotoxicity (3%), acute kidney injury (3%), rash (3%), and diarrhea (2%). Dose interruptions of LENVIMA, pembrolizumab, or both due to an adverse reaction occurred in 78% of patients receiving LENVIMA in combination with pembrolizumab. LENVIMA was interrupted in 73% of patients and both drugs were interrupted in 39% of patients. LENVIMA was dose reduced in 69% of patients. The most common adverse reactions (≥5%) resulting in dose reduction or interruption of LENVIMA were diarrhea (26%), fatigue (18%), hypertension (17%), proteinuria (13%), decreased appetite (12%), palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia (11%), nausea (9%), stomatitis (9%), musculoskeletal pain (8%), rash (8%), increased lipase (7%), abdominal pain (6%), and vomiting (6%), increased ALT (5%), and increased amylase (5%).

In RCC, the most common adverse reactions (≥30%) observed in LENVIMA + everolimus–treated patients were diarrhea (81%), fatigue (73%), arthralgia/myalgia (55%), decreased appetite (53%), vomiting (48%), nausea (45%), stomatitis (44%), hypertension (42%), peripheral edema (42%), cough (37%), abdominal pain (37%), dyspnea (35%), rash (35%), decreased weight (34%), hemorrhagic events (32%), and proteinuria (31%). The most common serious adverse reactions (≥5%) were renal failure (11%), dehydration (10%), anemia (6%), thrombocytopenia (5%), diarrhea (5%), vomiting (5%), and dyspnea (5%). Adverse reactions led to dose reductions or interruption in 89% of patients. The most common adverse reactions (≥5%) resulting in dose reductions were diarrhea (21%), fatigue (8%), thrombocytopenia (6%), vomiting (6%), nausea (5%), and proteinuria (5%). Treatment discontinuation due to an adverse reaction occurred in 29% of patients.

In HCC, the most common adverse reactions (≥20%) observed in LENVIMA-treated patients were hypertension (45%), fatigue (44%), diarrhea (39%), decreased appetite (34%), arthralgia/myalgia (31%), decreased weight (31%), abdominal pain (30%), palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome (27%), proteinuria (26%), dysphonia (24%), hemorrhagic events (23%), hypothyroidism (21%), and nausea (20%). The most common serious adverse reactions (≥2%) were hepatic encephalopathy (5%), hepatic failure (3%), ascites (3%), and decreased appetite (2%). Adverse reactions led to dose reductions or interruption in 62% of patients. The most common adverse reactions (≥5%) resulting in dose reductions were fatigue (9%), decreased appetite (8%), diarrhea (8%), proteinuria (7%), hypertension (6%), and palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome (5%). Treatment discontinuation due to an adverse reaction occurred in 20% of patients. The most common adverse reactions (≥1%) resulting in discontinuation of LENVIMA were fatigue (1%), hepatic encephalopathy (2%), hyperbilirubinemia (1%), and hepatic failure (1%).

In EC, the most common adverse reactions (≥20%) observed in LENVIMA and pembrolizumab–treated patients were hypothyroidism (67%), hypertension (67%), fatigue (58%), diarrhea (55%), musculoskeletal disorders (53%), nausea (49%), decreased appetite (44%), vomiting (37%), stomatitis (35%), decreased weight (34%), abdominal pain (34%), urinary tract infection (31%), proteinuria (29%), constipation (27%), headache (26%), hemorrhagic events (25%), palmar‐plantar erythrodysesthesia (23%), dysphonia (22%), and rash (20%). Fatal adverse reactions occurred in 4.7% of those treated with LENVIMA and pembrolizumab, including 2 cases of pneumonia, and 1 case of the following: acute kidney injury, acute myocardial infarction, colitis, decreased appetite, intestinal perforation, lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage, malignant gastrointestinal obstruction, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, myelodysplastic syndrome, pulmonary embolism, and right ventricular dysfunction. Serious adverse reactions occurred in 50% of patients receiving LENVIMA and pembrolizumab. Serious adverse reactions with frequency ≥3% were hypertension (4.4%), and urinary tract infection (3.2%). Discontinuation of LENVIMA due to an adverse reaction occurred in 26% of patients. The most common (≥1%) adverse reactions leading to discontinuation of LENVIMA were hypertension (2%), asthenia (1.8%), diarrhea (1.2%), decreased appetite (1.2%), proteinuria (1.2%), and vomiting (1.2%). Dose reductions of LENVIMA due to adverse reactions occurred in 67% of patients. The most common (≥5%) adverse reactions resulting in dose reduction of LENVIMA were hypertension (18%), diarrhea (11%), palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome (9%), proteinuria (7%), fatigue (7%), decreased appetite (6%), asthenia (5%), and weight decreased (5%). Dose interruptions of LENVIMA due to an adverse reaction occurred in 58% of these patients. The most common (≥2%) adverse reactions leading to interruption of LENVIMA were hypertension (11%), diarrhea (11%), proteinuria (6%), decreased appetite (5%), vomiting (5%), increased alanine aminotransferase (3.5%), fatigue (3.5%), nausea (3.5%), abdominal pain (2.9%), weight decreased (2.6%), urinary tract infection (2.6%), increased aspartate aminotransferase (2.3%), asthenia (2.3%), and palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia (2%).

Use in Specific Populations
Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in breastfed children, advise women to discontinue breastfeeding during treatment and for 1 week after the last dose. LENVIMA may impair fertility in males and females of reproductive potential.

No dose adjustment is recommended for patients with mild (CLcr 60-89 mL/min) or moderate (CLcr 30-59 mL/min) renal impairment. LENVIMA concentrations may increase in patients with DTC, RCC, or EC and severe (CLcr 15-29 mL/min) renal impairment. Reduce the dose for patients with DTC, RCC, or EC and severe renal impairment. There is no recommended dose for patients with HCC and severe renal impairment. LENVIMA has not been studied in patients with end-stage renal disease.

No dose adjustment is recommended for patients with HCC and mild hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh A). There is no recommended dose for patients with HCC with moderate (Child-Pugh B) or severe (Child-Pugh C) hepatic impairment. No dose adjustment is recommended for patients with DTC, RCC, or EC and mild or moderate hepatic impairment. LENVIMA concentrations may increase in patients with DTC, RCC, or EC and severe hepatic impairment. Reduce the dose for patients with DTC, RCC, or EC and severe hepatic impairment.

LENVIMA (lenvatinib) is available as 10 mg and 4 mg capsules.

Please see Prescribing Information for LENVIMA (lenvatinib) at View Source