On July 15, 2020 Castle Biosciences, Inc. (Nasdaq: CSTL), a skin cancer diagnostics company providing personalized genomic information to improve cancer treatment decisions, reported the publication of a multicenter, prospective study demonstrating that DecisionDx-UM test results significantly impacted treatment plan recommendations for patients with uveal melanoma (UM) (Press release, Castle Biosciences, JUL 15, 2020, View Source [SID1234561882]).
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The article titled, "Gene expression profiling in uveal melanoma: five-year prospective outcomes and meta-analysis," was published in the peer-reviewed journal Ocular Oncology and Pathology.
DecisionDx-UM is Castle’s 15-gene expression profiling (GEP) test developed to identify patients at low risk (Class 1) or high risk (Class 2) of metastasis, based on the unique biology of their primary tumor, and is the current standard of care for UM patients. It is estimated that nearly 8 in 10 patients diagnosed with UM in the U.S. receive the DecisionDx-UM test as part of their diagnostic workup. UM patients face up to a 50% risk of metastasis, despite successful control of the primary tumor.
The multicenter CLEAR Registry Study (Clinical Application of DecisionDx-UM Gene Expression Assay Results) was designed to prospectively evaluate management plans and five-year clinical outcomes for UM patients tested with DecisionDx-UM as part of their clinical care. The median follow-up time for patients who did not develop metastasis was 4.9 years, reflecting the longest follow-up reported to date for any prognostic tool for UM.
"The accurate and reliable identification of a patient’s metastatic risk is critical for clinical planning and decision-making," commented first author, Thomas Aaberg, Jr., M.D., associate clinical professor at Michigan State University Medical School and ocular oncologist with Retina Specialists of Michigan. "As with previously published studies, the results of the CLEAR study demonstrate the high-level of accuracy of DecisionDx-UM for prediction of metastatic risk and further support its use in guiding patient management."
Study Background and Highlights:
Eighty-nine patients with DecisionDx-UM results were prospectively enrolled at four centers. Sample size calculations indicated that 29 patients would be sufficient to demonstrate a statistically significant difference in metastatic rates between Class 1 and Class 2 patients, while 47 patients would be sufficient to detect differences in melanoma-specific mortality.
Physician-recommended management plans were collected, and clinical outcomes tracked every six months.
Five-year DecisionDx-UM Class 1 and DecisionDx-UM Class 2 metastasis-free survival rates were 90% and 41% (p<0.0001), respectively, and melanoma-specific survival rates were 94% and 63% (p=0.0007), respectively.
In multivariate analysis with clinicopathologic features, including age, ciliary body involvement, largest basal diameter and tumor thickness, the DecisionDx-UM Class 2 result was the only statistically significant predictor of metastasis, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 7.53 (p<0.0001).
A meta-analysis with published cohorts found that patients with a Class 2 result had a HR of 8.70 (p<0.0001) for metastasis and 7.21 (p<0.0001) for mortality.
All patients with DecisionDx-UM Class 2 (high-risk) test results were managed with high-intensity surveillance (imaging and/or liver function tests every 3-6 months), while 80% of Class 1 (low-risk) patients were managed with low-intensity surveillance (annual imaging and/or liver function tests, p<0.0001).
The results of this study support that DecisionDx-UM is used to appropriately guide metastatic surveillance in UM patients. High-risk Class 2 patients were managed more intensely, in accordance with an observed metastatic rate of greater than 50%, while low-risk Class 1 patients were managed with low-intensity surveillance, resulting in appropriate utilization of healthcare resources.
About DecisionDx-UM
DecisionDx-UM is a 15-gene expression profile (GEP) test that uses an individual patient’s tumor biology to predict individual risk of metastasis. DecisionDx-UM is the standard of care in the management of uveal melanoma in the majority of ocular oncology practices in the United States. Since 2009, the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC; v7 and v8) Staging Manual for UM has specifically identified the GEP test as a prognostic factor that is recommended for collection as a part of clinical care. Further, the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines for uveal melanoma include the DecisionDx-UM test result as a prognostic method for determining risk of metastasis and recommended differential surveillance regimens based on a Class 1A, 1B, and 2 result. DecisionDx-UM is the only prognostic test for uveal melanoma that has been validated in prospective, multi-center studies, and it has been shown to be a superior predictor of metastasis compared to other prognostic factors, such as chromosome 3 status, mutational status, AJCC stage and cell type.
It is estimated that nearly 8 in 10 patients diagnosed with uveal melanoma in the U.S. receive the DecisionDx-UM test as part of their diagnostic workup. More information about the test and disease can be found at www.MyUvealMelanoma.com.